List
of Experiments
1 Develop static pages (using only HTML) of an online Book store. The pages should resemble: www.amazon.com The website should consist the following pages. Home page, Registration and user Login, User profile page, Books catalog, Shopping cart, Payment By credit card, order confirmation.
2 Validate the registration, user login, user profile and payment by credit card pages using JavaScript.
3 Create and save an XML document at the server, which contains 10 users information. Write a program which takes User Id as input and returns the user details by taking the user information from the XML document.
4 Bean Assignments a. Create a JavaBeans which gives the exchange value of INR (Indian Rupees) into equivalent American/Canadian/Australian Dollar value.
b. Create a simple Bean with a label which is the count of number of clicks. Then create a Bean info class such that only the count properly is visible in the property Window.
c. Create two Beans – a) Keypad b) Display pad. After that integrate the two Beans to make it work as a calculator.
d. Create two Beans Traffic Light(implemented as a label with only three background colors-red, green, yellow) and Automobile(Implemented as a Text Box which states its state/movement). The state of the Automobile should depend on the following Light Transition table.
5 Install TOMCAT web server. Convert the static web pages of assignments 2 into dynamic web pages using servlets and cookies. Hint: User’s information (user id, password, credit card number) would be stored in web. Xml. Each user should have a separate shopping cart.
6 Redo the previous task using JSP by converting the static web pages of assignment 2 into dynamic web pages. Create a database with user information and books information. The books catalogue should be dynamically loaded from the database. Follow the MVC architecture while doing the website.
7 Implement the “Hello World” program using JSP Struts Framework.
8 Using JavaScript sort given array in ascending and descending order.
1. Develop static pages (using only HTML) of an online Book store. The pages should
resemble: www.amazon.com
The website should consist the following pages.
Home page, Registration and user Login, User profile page, Books catalog, Shopping
cart, Payment By credit card, order confirmation.
HomePage.html
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>HomePage</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
This is HomePage
<HR>
<MARQUEE>WWW.BOOKS.COM</MARQUEE>
<IMG SRC=".\book.gif" height="30%" width="40%">
<PRE>
<A HREF=".\HomePage1.html">Home Page</A>
<A HREF=".\Registration1.html">Registration User Login</A>
<A HREF=".\UserProfile1.html">User Profile Page</A>
<A HREF=".\BooksCatalog1.html">Books Catalog</A>
<A HREF=".\ShoppingCart1.html">Shopping Cart</A>
<A HREF=".\Payment1.html">Payment By CreditCard</A>
<A HREF=".\OrderConfirmation1.html">Order Confirmation</A>
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Registration1.html
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Registration</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>This is Registration User Login<HR>
<MARQUEE>WWW.BOOKS.COM</MARQUEE>
<IMG SRC=".\book.gif" height="30%" width="40%">
<PRE><A HREF="\WEBSITE\HomePage.html">Home Page</A>
<A HREF=".\HomePage1.html">Home Page</A>
<A HREF=".\Registration1.html">Registration User Login</A>
<A HREF=".\UserProfile1.html">User Profile Page</A>
<A HREF=".\BooksCatalog1.html">Books Catalog</A>
<A HREF=".\ShoppingCart1.html">Shopping Cart</A>
<A HREF=".\Payment1.html">Payment By CreditCard</A>
<A HREF=".\OrderConfirmation1.html">Order Confirmation</A>
</PRE><FORM><pre>
Enter your Name :<INPUT TYPE="TEXT">
Enter Password :<INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD">
Confirm Password:<INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD">
Gender :<Input type="Radio" name="R1" value="Male">Male
<Input type="Radio" name="R1" value="Female">Female
Country :<select><option selected>Select Country</option>
<option value="ind">India</option>
<option value="usa">United States of America</option>
<option value="eng">England</option> <option value="aus">Australia</option>
<option value="ger">Germany</option> <option value="pol">Poland</option>
</select><center><Input type="submit"><input type="reset"></center>
</pre></form></BODY></HTML>
4
USERLOGIN1.HTML:-
<html><head><title>UserLogin</title></head>
<body>
<IMG SRC=".\book.gif" height="30%" width="40%">
<PRE><A HREF="\WEBSITE\HomePage.html">Home Page</A>
<A HREF=".\HomePage1.html">Home Page</A>
<A HREF=".\Registration1.html">Registration User Login</A>
<A HREF=".\UserProfile1.html">User Profile Page</A>
<A HREF=".\BooksCatalog1.html">Books Catalog</A>
<A HREF=".\ShoppingCart1.html">Shopping Cart</A>
<A HREF=".\Payment1.html">Payment By CreditCard</A>
<A HREF=".\OrderConfirmation1.html">Order Confirmation</A>
</PRE>
UserId : <input type="text" id="uid"><br/>
Password: <input type="text" id="pwd"><br />
<br/><input type ="button" value ="LogIn">
</body></html>
5
PAYMENT1.Html:-
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Payment By Credit Card</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
<MARQUEE>WWW.BOOKS.COM</MARQUEE>
<IMG SRC=".\book.gif" height="30%" width="40%">
<PRE>
<A HREF=".\HomePage1.html">Home Page</A>
<A HREF=".\Registration1.html">Registration User Login</A>
<A HREF=".\UserProfile1.html">User Profile Page</A>
<A HREF=".\BooksCatalog1.html">Books Catalog</A>
<A HREF=".\ShoppingCart1.html">Shopping Cart</A>
<A HREF=".\Payment1.html">Payment By CreditCard</A>
<A HREF=".\OrderConfirmation1.html">Order Confirmation</A>
</PRE>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=400>
<tr><th>What will it take to pay off my credit card?</th></tr>
<tr><td align=center>
<table cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0>
<tr><td align="right">Enter your credit card balance: $</td><td><input size=6 type=text
id="cwBalance"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="right">Enter the credit card's interest rate: </td><td><input size=6
type=text id="cwRate">%</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right">Enter payment amount per month: $</td><td><input size=6
type=text id="cwMonthlyAmount"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center"><b>or</b></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="right">Enter desired months until debt free: </td><td><input size=6
type=text id="cwDesiredMonths"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2 align="center"><input type=button value="Calculate"
onclick="cwCalc();"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2 align="center" id="cwResult"></td></tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
</BODY>
</HTML>
6
2. Validate the registration, user login, user profile and payment by credit card pages
using JavaScript.
REGISTRATION FORM
<Html>
<Head>
<Title>User Registration Form</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<script language="JavaScript" fptype="dynamicanimation">
</script>
</head>
<body>
<script language="javascript">
function verify(form)
{
if(document.forms[0].elements[0].value=="")
{
alert("Please Enter User ID");
document.forms[0].elements[0].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[1].value=="")
{
alert("Please Enter your Password");
document.forms[0].elements[2].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[1].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[1].value.length<4)
{
alert("Password must be greater than 4 character");
document.forms[0].elements[1].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[2].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[1].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[2].value=="")
{
alert("Please Enter your Confirm Password");
document.forms[0].elements[2].focus();
return(false);
}
if((document.forms[0].elements[1].length)!=(document.forms[0].elements[2].length))
{
alert("Your Password does not match with Confirm Password");
document.forms[0].elements[1].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[2].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[1].focus();
7
return(false);
}
if((document.forms[0].elements[1].length)==(document.forms[0].elements[2].length))
{
if((document.forms[0].elements[1].value)!=(document.forms[0].elements[2].value))
{
alert("Your Password does not match with Confirm Password");
document.forms[0].elements[1].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[2].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[1].focus();
return(false);
}
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[3].value=="secq")
{
alert("Please Select your Security Question");
document.forms[0].elements[3].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[4].value=="")
{
alert("Please Answer the security question");
document.forms[0].elements[4].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[5].value=="DD")
{
alert("Please select Day of DOB");
document.forms[0].elements[5].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[6].value=="MM")
{
alert("Please select Month of DOB");
document.forms[0].elements[6].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[7].value=="YYYY")
{
alert("Please select Year of DOB");
document.forms[0].elements[7].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[10].checked==true)
{
if(document.forms[0].elements[11].value=="")
8
{
alert("Please Enter your First Name");
document.forms[0].elements[11].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[13].value=="")
{
alert("Please Enter your Last Name");
document.forms[0].elements[13].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[14].value=="Year")
{
alert("Please specify your Academic year");
document.forms[0].elements[14].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[15].value=="adminyear")
{
alert("Please put your Admission Year");
document.forms[0].elements[15].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[16].value=="dept")
{
alert("Please Select your Department");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[17].value=="")
{
alert("Please put your Roll Number");
document.forms[0].elements[17].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[17].value!="")
{
r0=document.forms[0].elements[17].value.indexOf('2');
r1=document.forms[0].elements[17].value.indexOf('k');
r2=parseInt(document.forms[0].elements[17].value.charAt(2));
r3=document.forms[0].elements[17].value.indexOf('_');
r4=parseInt(document.forms[0].elements[17].value.charAt(4));
r5=parseInt(document.forms[0].elements[17].value.charAt(5));
r6=parseInt(document.forms[0].elements[17].value.charAt(6));
len=document.forms[0].elements[17].value.length;
if((len!=7)||(r0!=0)||(r1!=1)||(r3!=3)||(r4>6 || r4<1)||(r2>9 || r2<1))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number");
9
document.forms[0].elements[17].focus();
return(false)
}
switch(document.forms[0].elements[16].value)
{
case 'IT':
if(r4!=6||(r5>4||r5<0)||(r6>9||r6<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Information Technology");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'CSE':
if(r4!=5||(r5>4||r5<0)||(r6>9||r6<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Computer Science");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'ECE':
if(r4!=4||(r5>4||r5<0)||(r6>9||r6<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Electronics");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'EE':
if(r4!=2||(r5>6||r5<0)||(r6>9||r6<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Electrical Engineering");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'ME':
if(r4!=3||(r5>6||r5<0)||(r6>9||r6<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Mechanical Engineering");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'CE':
if(r4!=1||(r5>6||r5<0)||(r6>9||r6<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Civil Engineering");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false)
}break;
}
10
switch(document.forms[0].elements[14].value)
{
case 'Fourth':
if(r2!=1||(r2>9||r2<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Forth Year");
document.forms[0].elements[14].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'Third':
if(r2!=2||(r2>9||r2<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Third Year");
document.forms[0].elements[14].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'Second':
if(r2!=3||(r2>9||r2<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Second Year");
document.forms[0].elements[14].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'First':
if(r2!=4||(r2>9||r2<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of First Year");
document.forms[0].elements[14].focus();
return(false)
}break;
}
}
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[24].checked==true)
{
if(document.forms[0].elements[25].value=="")
{
alert("Please Enter Your First Name");
document.forms[0].elements[25].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[27].value=="")
{
alert("Please Enter your Last Name");
document.forms[0].elements[27].focus();
return(false);
}
11
if(document.forms[0].elements[30].value=="state")
{
alert("Please Select Your State");
document.forms[0].elements[30].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[31].value=="country")
{
alert("Please Select Your State");
document.forms[0].elements[31].focus();
return(false);
}
if((document.forms[0].elements[32].value=="pincode")||(document.forms[0].elements[33].
value=""))
{
alert("Please Select Your Pincode OR if Other specify");
document.forms[0].elements[32].focus();
return(false);
}
}
}
function studentclear(form)
{
document.forms[0].elements[11].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[12].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[13].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[14].value="Year";
document.forms[0].elements[15].value="adminyear";
document.forms[0].elements[16].value="dept";
document.forms[0].elements[17].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[18].value="selecthostel";
document.forms[0].elements[19].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[20].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[21].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[22].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[23].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[25].focus();
}
function generalclear(form)
{
document.forms[0].elements[25].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[26].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[27].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[28].value="City";
document.forms[0].elements[29].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[30].value="state";
document.forms[0].elements[31].value="country";
document.forms[0].elements[32].value="pincode";
12
document.forms[0].elements[33].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[34].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[35].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[36].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[37].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[11].focus();
}
</script>
<body onLoad=document. forms [0].elements[0].focus();>
<form action ="" method="post" onsubmit="return verify(this.form)">
<center>
<p dynamicanimation="fpAnimelasticRightFP1" id="fpAnimelasticRightFP1"
style="position: relative !important; visibility: hidden" language="Javascript1.2">
<font size="6" face="Monotype Corsiva" color="#800000">New User Registration
Form</font></p>
</center><br>
<i><font color="#FF0000"><font face="Arial" size="4">*</font>
<font face="Arial" size="2"></font> </font>
<font face="Arial" size="2"color="#FF0000">Indicates all the fields are
mandatory</font></i><hr><p>
<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000">*</font>
<font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif">User ID:</font><b>
<input name="uid" size="16" maxlength="15"></b>
<font color="#FF0033" size="2"> </font>
<font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF0033">
(Contains only letters (a-z), numbers (0-9) and underscore)</font>
<br><b><br></b>
<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000">*</font>
<font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif">Password: </font>
<font color="#000000"> </font>
<input type="password" name="pswd" size="9" maxlength="10" style="font-weight: bold;
color:#008000">
<font color="#000000"size="2"><font face="Arial"> </font></font>
<font color="#FF0033" size="2" face="Arial">
(Password should be of minimum 4(four) and maximum 10(ten) characters. </font>
<font size="2"><font color="#FF0033" face="Arial">) </font></p>
</font> <font face="ARIAL, HELVETICA" size="-1"> </font>
<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000">*</font>
<font face="ARIAL, HELVETICA" size="-1">Re-Type Password</font>:<font size="2">
<b>
<input type="password" name="cpswd" size="11" maxlength="10" style="color:#008000"
></b> </font>
<hr><font size="2"> </font><font size="2">
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<i>If you forget your password, you can retrieve it by answering your unique hint
question. <br>
Frame your question such that only you know its answer.
</i></font></font>
13
<div align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"></font>
<font face="Arial" size="2"></font><font face="Arial" size="2"></font>
<font face="Arial" size="2"></font></div>
<font face="Arial" size="2"><br></font>
<font size="2"><font face="Arial">
<font face="Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif"></font></font></font>
<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000">*</font>
<font size="2"><font face="Arial">
<font face="Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif">
Select a question forgetting password </font><b>: </b></font>
<select size="1" name="secq">
<option selected value="secq">Select a hit question ?</option>
<option value="What is your favourite multimedia software?">
What is your favourite multimedia software?</option>
<option value="What is your favourite game?">What is your favourite game?</option>
<option value="who is your favourite Cricketer?">
who is your favourite Cricketer? </option>
<option value="who is your favourite Film Actor?">
who is your favourite Film Actor?</option>
<option value="what is your favourite food?">what is your favourite food?</option>
</select><font face="Arial"><b>
</b></font></font><p><font size="2">
</font><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000">*</font>
<font color="#000000" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Hit Answer:
<input type="text" name="seca" size="21"> </font>
<font size="2"><font color="#000000" face="Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif"> </font>
<font color="#FF0033" face="Arial">(Write Your Answer)</font>
<font color="#000000" face="Arial"> </font>
</font><font size="1"></p></font>
<hr><div align="left"><font face="Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
DD MM YYYY <br>
</font>
<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"color="#FF0000">*</font>
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">Date of Birth:
<select size="1" name="DD">
<option selected value="DD">Day</option> <option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option>
<option value="4">4</option> <option value="5">5</option>
<option value="6">6</option> <option value="7">7</option>
<option value="8">8</option> <option value="9">9</option>
<option value="10">10</option> <option value="11">11</option>
<option value="12">12</option> <option value="13">13</option>
<option value="14">14</option> <option value="15">15</option>
<option value="16">16</option> <option value="17">17</option>
<option value="18">18</option> <option value="19">19</option>
<option value="20">20</option> <option value="21">21</option>
<option value="22">22</option> <option value="23">23</option>
<option value="24">24</option> <option value="25">25</option>
14
<option value="26">26</option> <option value="27">27</option>
<option value="28">28</option> <option value="29">29</option>
<option value="30">30</option> <option value="31">31</option>
</select>
<select size="1" name="MM">
<option selected value="MM">Month</option><option
value="JANUARY">JAN</option>
<option value="FEBRUARY">FEB</option> <option
value="MARCH">MAR</option>
<option value="APRIL">APR</option> <option value="MAY">MAY</option>
<option value="JUNE">JUN</option> <option value="JULY">JUL</option>
<option value="AUGUST">AUG</option> <option
value="SEPTEMBER">SEP</option>
<option value="OCTOBER">OCT</option><option
value="NOVEMBER">NOV</option>
<option value="DECEMBER">DEC</option>
</select>
<select size="1" name="YYYY">
<option selected value="YYYY">Year</option> <option value="1970">1970</option>
<option value="1971">1971</option> <option value="1972">1972</option>
<option value="1973">1973</option> <option value="1974">1974</option>
<option value="1975">1975</option> <option value="1976">1976</option>
<option value="1977">1977</option> <option value="1978">1978</option>
<option value="1979">1979</option> <option value="1980">1980</option>
<option value="1981">1981</option> <option value="1982">1982</option>
<option value="1983">1983</option> <option value="1984">1984</option>
<option value="1985">1985</option> <option value="1986">1986</option>
<option value="1987">1987</option> <option value="1988">1988</option>
<option value="1989">1989</option> <option value="1990">1990</option>
<option value="1991">1991</option> <option value="1992">1992</option>
<option value="1993">1993</option> <option value="1994">1994</option>
<option value="1995">1995</option> <option value="1996">1996</option>
<option value="1996">1996</option> <option value="1997">1997</option>
<option value="1998">1998</option> <option value="1999">1999</option>
<option value="2000">2000</option> <option value="2001">2001</option>
<option value="2002">2002</option> <option value="2003">2003</option>
<option value="2004">2004</option> <option value="2005">2005</option>
<option value="2006">2006</option> <option value="2007">2007</option>
<option value="2008">2008</option> <option value="2009">2009</option>
<option value="2010">2010</option> <option value="2011">2011</option>
<option value="2012">2012</option> <option value="2013">2013</option>
<option value="2014">2014</option> <option value="2015">2015</option>
<option value="2016">2016</option> <option value="2017">2017</option>
<option value="2018">2018</option> <option value="2019">2019</option>
<option value="2020">2020</option> </select></font></div>
<p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1"></font>
<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000">*</font>
15
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
Gender:
<input type="radio" name="Male" value="male" checked> Male
<INPUT type=radio value="female" name="Male" >Female
</font>
<hr><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000"> </font>
<p> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
Contact No: <input type="text" size="6" name="std" maxlength="6"><b> -</b>
<input type="text" size="9" name="phno" maxlength="9">
</font><p>
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
Mobile No: <input type="text" size="18" name="mobno" maxlength="15"></font><p>
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
Email:<input type="text" name="email" size="20">
</font><p><hr>
<div align="left"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
</font> </div><center>
<input type="submit" value="Submit" name="Submit" tabindex="25">
<input type="reset" value="Reset" name="Reset" tabindex="26">
</center></form></body></html>
16
OUTPUT:-
17
USER LOGIN:-
<html><head><script>
function f()
{
if(document.getElementById('uid').value.length==0)
alert("UserId can't e blank");
else if(document.getElementById('pwd').value.length==0)
alert("Password can't be blank");
else
{
alert("successfully logged in");
window.open("Welcome.html");}
}
</script></head>
<body>
UserId : <input type="text" id="uid"><br/>
Passowrd: <input type="text" id="pwd"><br />
<br/><input type ="button" onclick="f()" value ="LogIn">
</body></html>
OUTPUT:-
18
USER PROFILE
<html>
<head>
<title>User Profile</title>
</head>
<body>
<H1>User Profile</H1>
<Hr>
<pre>
<b>Name : </b>
<b>E-Mail ID : </b>
<b>Date of Birth : </b>
<b>Gender : </b>
<b>City : </b>
<b>State : </b>
<b>Country : </b>
<b>Zip Code : </b>
</pre>
</Body>
</Html>
OUTPUT:-
19
PAYMENT BY CREDIT CARD
<HTML><HEAD>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
.cwCalc{border:1px solid black;}
.cwCalc TH{background-color:#BBBBBB;}
.cwCalc TD{background-color:#DDDDDD;}
-->
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function cwCalc()
{
if (cwBalance.value=='') {
alert('Please enter your credit card balance.'); return;}
if (cwRate.value=='') {
alert('Please enter your credit card\'s interest rate.'); return;}
if ( (cwMonthlyAmount.value=='' && cwDesiredMonths.value=='') ||
(cwMonthlyAmount.value!='' && cwDesiredMonths.value!='') ) {
alert('Please enter either a payment amount or desired months.'); return;}
var mRate=(cwRate.value/100)/12;
if (cwMonthlyAmount.value=='')
{
var payment=cwBalance.value*(mRate) / (1-Math.pow((1+mRate),(-
cwDesiredMonths.value)) );
payment=Math.round(payment*100)/100;
cwResult.innerHTML="It will cost $" + payment.toFixed(2) + " a month to pay off this
card and will cost you a total of $" + (payment*cwDesiredMonths.value).toFixed(2) + ".";
}
else {
var remainingBalance=cwBalance.value;
var minPayment=mRate*cwBalance.value;
var months=0;
var lastPayment;
if (minPayment>cwMonthlyAmount.value) {
alert ('Your monthly payment is less than the monthly interest charged by this card.');
return;}
while (remainingBalance>0)
{
months++;
remainingBalance=remainingBalance*(1 + mRate)-cwMonthlyAmount.value;
}
cwResult.innerHTML="It will take " + months + " months to pay off this card and will cost
you a total of $" + (cwMonthlyAmount.value*months).toFixed(2) + ".";
}
}
</script>
20
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<table class="cwCalc" border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=400>
<tr><th>What will it take to pay off my credit card?</th></tr>
<tr><td align=center>
<table cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0>
<tr><td align="right">Enter your credit card balance: $</td><td><input size=6 type=text
id="cwBalance"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="right">Enter the credit card's interest rate: </td><td><input size=6
type=text id="cwRate">%</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right">Enter payment amount per month: $</td><td><input size=6
type=text id="cwMonthlyAmount"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center"><b>or</b></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="right">Enter desired months until debt free: </td><td><input size=6
type=text id="cwDesiredMonths"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2 align="center"><input type=button value="Calculate"
onclick="cwCalc();"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2 align="center" id="cwResult"></td></tr>
</table></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align=right valign=top style="font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;">
Powered by:<a href="http://www.creditorweb.com/CreditCards/" target="_blank">
<img src="http://www.creditorweb.com/images/logosmall.png" border="0" alt="Compare
credit cards and find credit card tools and articles at Creditor Web"></a></td></tr>
</table>
<p><center>
<font face="arial, helvetica" size"-2">Free JavaScripts provided<br>by
<a href="http://srinu.com">The JavaScript Source</a></font>
</center><p>
</BODY>
</HTML>
21
OUTPUT:-
22
3.Create and save an XML document at the server. Which contains user information
or
Program To Implement Loginform Using Sevlets
PROGRAM
filename:Usevalidation.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Login Form</title>
</head>
<body leftmargin=75 topmargin=75 bgcolor=white>
<form method=Get action="http:127.0.0.1:8080\validation">
UserName <input type=text name=user>
<br><br>
Password <input type=password name=pass>
<br><br>
<input type=submit value=submit>
<input type=reset name=cancel>
</form>
</body>
</html>
filename:UserValid.java
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.*;
public class UserValid extends HttpServlet
{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res)throws
ServletException,IOException
{
res.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out=res.getWriter();
String usr=res.getParameter("user");
String pwd=res.getParameter("pass");
if(usr equals("naveen")&&pwd equals("nav")
out.println("Successfully Logged in");
else
out.println("Unsuccessful");
}
}
filename:web.xml
<web-app>
<servlet>
23
<servlet-name>UserValidation</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>UserValid</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>UserValidation</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/validation/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
24
4.Developing a Simple Bean Using the BDK:
This section presents an example that shows how to develop a simple Bean and
connect it to other components via the BDK.
Our new component is called the Colors Bean. It appears as either a rectangle or
ellipse that is filled with a color. A color is chosen at random when the Bean begins
execution. A public method can be invoked to change it. Each time the mouse is clicked
on the Bean, another random color is chosen. There is one boolean read/write property
that determines the shape.
The BDK is used to lay out an application with one instance of the Colors Bean and
one instance of the OurButton Bean. The button is labeled “Change.” Each time it is
pressed, the color changes.
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
USING JAVA
Create a New Bean
Here are the steps that you must follow to create a new Bean:
1. Create a directory for the new Bean.
2. Create the Java source file(s).
3. Compile the source file(s).
4. Create a manifest file.
5. Generate a JAR file.
6. Start the BDK.
7. Test.
The following sections discuss each of these steps in detail.
Create a Directory for the New Bean
You need to make a directory for the Bean. To follow along with this example, create
c:\bdk\demo\sunw\demo\colors. Then change to that directory.
The Colors and OurButton Beans
Create the Source File for the New Bean
The source code for the Colors component is shown in the following listing. It is
located in the file Colors.java.
The import statement at the beginning of the file places it in the package named
sunw.demo.colors. Recall from Chapter 9 that the directory hierarchy corresponds to
the package hierarchy. Therefore, this file must be located in a subdirectory named
sunw\demo\colors relative to the CLASSPATH environment variable.
The color of the component is determined by the private Color variable color, and
its shape is determined by the private boolean variable rectangular.
The constructor defines an anonymous inner class that extends MouseAdapter and
overrides its mousePressed( ) method. The change( ) method is invoked in response to
mouse presses. The component is initialized to a rectangular shape of 200 by 100 pixels.
The change( ) method is invoked to select a random color and repaint the component.
The getRectangular( ) and setRectangular( ) methods provide access to the one
property of this Bean. The change( ) method calls randomColor( ) to choose a color and
then calls repaint( ) to make the change visible. Notice that the paint( ) method uses the
rectangular and color variables to determine how to present the Bean.
// A simple Bean.
package sunw.demo.colors;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
25
public class Colors extends Canvas {
transient private Color color;
private boolean rectangular;
public Colors() {
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent me) {
change();
}
});
rectangular = false;
setSize(200, 100);
change();
}
public boolean getRectangular() {
return rectangular;
}
public void setRectangular(boolean flag) {
this.rectangular = flag;
repaint();
}
public void change() {
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
USING JAVA
color = randomColor();
repaint();
}
private Color randomColor() {
int r = (int)(255*Math.random());
int g = (int)(255*Math.random());
int b = (int)(255*Math.random());
return new Color(r, g, b);
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
Dimension d = getSize();
int h = d.height;
int w = d.width;
g.setColor(color);
if(rectangular) {
g.fillRect(0, 0, w-1, h-1);
}
else {
g.fillOval(0, 0, w-1, h-1);
}
}
}
Compile the Source Code for the New Bean
Compile the source code to create a class file. Type the following:
javac Colors.java.
26
Create a Manifest File
You must now create a manifest file. First, switch to the c:\bdk\demo directory. This
is the directory in which the manifest files for the BDK demos are located. Put the
source code for your manifest file in the file colors.mft. It is shown here:
Name: sunw/demo/colors/Colors.class
Java-Bean: True
This file indicates that there is one .class file in the JAR file and that it is a Java Bean.
Notice that the Colors.class file is in the package sunw.demo.colors and in the
subdirectory sunw\demo\colors relative to the current directory.
Generate a JAR File
Beans are included in the ToolBox window of the BDK only if they are in JAR files in the
directory c:\bdk\jars. These files are generated with the jar utility. Enter the following:
jar cfm ..\jars\colors.jar colors.mft sunw\demo\colors\*.class
This command creates the file colors.jar and places it in the directory c:\bdk\jars.
(You may wish to put this in a batch file for future use.)
Start the BDK
Change to the directory c:\bdk\beanbox and type run. This causes the BDK to start.
You should see three windows, titled ToolBox, BeanBox, and Properties. The ToolBox
window should include an entry labeled “Colors” for your new Bean.
Create an Instance of the Colors Bean
After you complete the preceding steps, create an instance of the Colors Bean in the
BeanBox window. Test your new component by pressing the mouse anywhere within
its borders. Its color immediately changes. Use the Properties window to change the
rectangular property from false to true. Its shape immediately changes.
Create and Configure an Instance of the OurButton Bean
Create an instance of the OurButton Bean in the BeanBox window. Then follow
these steps:
1. Go to the Properties window and change the label of the Bean to “Change”.
You should see that the button appearance changes immediately when this
property is changed.
2. Go to the menu bar of the BeanBox and select Edit | Events | action |
actionPerformed.
3. Move the cursor so that it is inside the Colors Bean display area, and click the left mouse button. You should see the Event Target Dialog dialog box.
4. The dialog box allows you to choose a method that should be invoked when this button is clicked. Select the entry labeled “change” and click the OK button. You should see a message box appear very briefly, stating that the tool is “Generating and compiling adaptor class.”
5. Click on the button. You should see the color change. You might want to experiment with the Colors Bean a bit before moving on.
Output:
27
Create two Beans Traffic Light(implemented as a label with only three background colorsred,
green, yellow) and Automobile(Implemented as a Text Box which states its
state/movement). The state of the Automobile should depend on the following Light
Transition table.
/*<applet code="Sig.class" height=300 width=200></applet>*/
import java.awt.*;
import java.lang.String;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.applet.*;
public class Sig extends Applet implements ItemListener{
boolean c1,c2,c3;
String s1;
Checkbox r1,r2,r3;
CheckboxGroup cbg;
public void init(){
cbg=new CheckboxGroup();
Panel p=new Panel();
p.setLayout(new GridLayout());
add(r1=new Checkbox("red",cbg,false));
add(r2=new Checkbox("yellow",cbg,false));
add(r3=new Checkbox("green",cbg,false));
r1.addItemListener(this);
r2.addItemListener(this);
r3.addItemListener(this);
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawOval(10, 30, 20, 20);
//System.out.println(s1);
g.setColor(Color.yellow);
g.drawOval(10, 60, 20, 20);
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.drawOval(10, 90, 20, 20);
s1=cbg.getSelectedCheckbox().getLabel();
if(s1=="red")
{
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillOval(10, 30, 20, 20);
}
else if(s1=="yellow")
{
g.setColor(Color.yellow);
g.fillOval(10, 60, 20, 20);
}
else if(s1=="green")
{
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillOval(10, 90, 20, 20);
}
}
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie) {
repaint();
}
}
5: SERVELETS & COOKIES
Reading Servlet Parameters
The ServletRequest class includes methods that allow you to read the names and values of
parameters that are included in a client request. We will develop a servlet that illustrates
their use. The example contains two files: PostParameters.htm defines a Web page, and
PostParametersServlet.java defines a servlet. The HTML source code for
PostParameters.htm is shown in the following listing. It defines a table that contains two
labels and two text fields. One of the labels is Employee and the other is Phone. The form
also includes a submit button. Notice that the action parameter of the form tag specifies a
URL. The URL identifies the servlet to process the HTTP POST request.
<html>
<body>
<center>
<form name="Form1"
method="post"
action="http://localhost:8080/servlet/PostParametersServlet">
<table>
<tr>
<td><B>Employee</td>
<td><input type=textbox name="e" size="25" value=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><B>Phone</td>
<td><input type=textbox name="p" size="25" value=""></td>
</tr>
</table>
<input type=submit value="Submit">
</body>
</html>
The source code for PostParametersServlet.java is shown in the following listing. The
service( ) method is overridden to process client requests. The getParameterNames( )
method returns an enumeration of the parameter names. These are processed in a loop. You
can see that the parameter name and value are output to the client. The parameter value is
obtained via the getParameter( ) method.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
public class PostParametersServlet
extends GenericServlet {
public void service(ServletRequest request,
ServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// Get print writer
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
30
// Get enumeration of parameter names
Enumeration e = request.getParameterNames();
// Display parameter names and values
while(e.hasMoreElements()) {
String pname = (String)e.nextElement();
pw.print(pname + " = ");
String pvalue = request.getParameter(pname);
pw.println(pvalue);
}
pw.close();
}
}
The example contains two files: ColorGet.htm defines a Web page, and
ColorGetServlet.java defines a servlet. The HTML source code for ColorGet.htm is
shown in the following listing. It defines a form that contains a select element and a
submit button. Notice that the action parameter of the form tag specifies a URL. The URL
identifies a servlet to process the HTTP GET request.
<body>
<center>
<form name="Form1"
action="http://localhost:8080/servlet/ColorGetServlet">
<B>Color:</B>
<select name="color" size="1">
<option value="Red">Red</option>
<option value="Green">Green</option>
<option value="Blue">Blue</option>
</select>
<br><br>
<input type=submit value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
method is overridden to process any HTTP GET requests that are sent to this servlet. It uses
the getParameter( ) method of HttpServletRequest to obtain the selection that
was made by the user. A response is then formulated.
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class ColorGetServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
31
throws ServletException, IOException {
String color = request.getParameter("color");
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.println("<B>The selected color is: ");
pw.println(color);
pw.close();
The HTML source code for ColorPost.htm is shown in the following listing. It is identical
to ColorGet.htm except that the method parameter for the form tag explicitly specifies
that the POST method should be used, and the action parameter for the form tag
specifies a different servlet.
<html>
<body>
<center>
<form name="Form1"
method="post"
action="http://localhost:8080/servlet/ColorPostServlet">
<B>Color:</B>
<select name="color" size="1">
<option value="Red">Red</option>
<option value="Green">Green</option>
<option value="Blue">Blue</option>
</select>
<br><br>
<input type=submit value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
The source code for ColorPostServlet.java is shown in the following listing. The
doPost( ) method is overridden to process any HTTP POST requests that are sent to this
servlet. It uses the getParameter( ) method of HttpServletRequest to obtain the
selection that was made by the user. A response is then formulated.
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class ColorPostServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String color = request.getParameter("color");
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.println("<B>The selected color is: ");
pw.println(color);
pw.close();
}
}
6. JSP Source Code for Basic Arithmetic Example
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Arithmetic</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Arithmetic</h1>
<hr>
This example illustrates basic Expression Language arithmetic.
Addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/ or div),
and modulus (% or mod) are all supported. Error conditions, like
division by zero, are handled gracefully.
<br>
<blockquote>
<code>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<td><b>EL Expression</b></td>
<td><b>Result</b></td>
</thead>
<tr>
<td>\${1}</td>
<td>${1}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${1 + 2}</td>
<td>${1 + 2}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${1.2 + 2.3}</td>
<td>${1.2 + 2.3}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${1.2E4 + 1.4}</td>
<td>${1.2E4 + 1.4}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${-4 - 2}</td>
<td>${-4 - 2}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${21 * 2}</td>
<td>${21 * 2}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${3/4}</td>
<td>${3/4}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${3 div 4}</td>
<td>${3 div 4}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${3/0}</td>
<td>${3/0}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${10%4}</td>
<td>${10%4}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${10 mod 4}</td>
<td>${10 mod 4}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${(1==2) ? 3 : 4}</td>
<td>${(1==2) ? 3 : 4}</td>
</tr>
</table>
</code>
</blockquote>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT:
JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Arithmetic
EL Expression Result
${1} 1
${1 + 2} 3
${1.2 + 2.3} 3.5
${1.2E4 + 1.4} 12001.4
${-4 - 2} -6
${21 * 2} 42
${3/4} 0.75
${3 div 4} 0.75
${3/0} Infinity
${10%4} 2
${10 mod 4} 2
${(1==2) ? 3 : 4} 4
36
Source Code for functions.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Functions</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Functions</h1>
<hr>
An upgrade from the JSTL expression language, the JSP 2.0 EL also
allows for simple function invocation. Functions are defined
by tag libraries and are implemented by a Java programmer as
static methods.
<blockquote>
<u><b>Change Parameter</b></u>
<form action="functions.jsp" method="GET">
foo = <input type="text" name="foo" value="${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])}">
<input type="submit">
</form>
<br>
<code>
<table border="1"> <thead>
<td><b>EL Expression</b></td>
<td><b>Result</b></td>
</thead>
<tr>
<td>\${param["foo"]}</td>
<td>${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])} </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${my:reverse(param["foo"])}</td>
<td>${my:reverse(fn:escapeXml(param["foo"]))} </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${my:reverse(my:reverse(param["foo"]))}</td>
<td>${my:reverse(my:reverse(fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])))} </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${my:countVowels(param["foo"])}</td>
<td>${my:countVowels(fn:escapeXml(param["foo"]))} </td>
</tr>
</table>
</code>
</blockquote>
</body>
</html>
Source Code for Calendar Example
37
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>
Calendar: A JSP APPLICATION
</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="white">
<%@ page language="java" import="cal.*" %>
<jsp:useBean id="table" scope="session" class="cal.TableBean" />
<%
table.processRequest(request);
if (table.getProcessError() == false) {
%>
<!-- html table goes here -->
<CENTER>
<TABLE WIDTH=60% BGCOLOR=yellow CELLPADDING=15>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER> <A HREF=cal1.jsp?date=prev> prev </A>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER> Calendar:<%= table.getDate() %></TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER> <A HREF=cal1.jsp?date=next> next </A>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- the main table -->
<TABLE WIDTH=60% BGCOLOR=lightblue BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=10>
<TR>
<TH> Time </TH>
<TH> Appointment </TH>
</TR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION=cal1.jsp>
<%
for(int i=0; i<table.getEntries().getRows(); i++) {
cal.Entry entr = table.getEntries().getEntry(i);
%>
<TR>
<TD>
<A HREF=cal2.jsp?time=<%= entr.getHour() %>>
<%= entr.getHour() %> </A>
</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR=<%= entr.getColor() %>>
<% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(entr.getDescription())); %>
</TD>
</TR>
<%
}
%>
</FORM>
</TABLE>
<BR>
<!-- footer -->
<TABLE WIDTH=60% BGCOLOR=yellow CELLPADDING=15>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER> <% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(table.getName())); %> :
<% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(table.getEmail())); %> </TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
<%
} else {
%>
<font size=5>
You must enter your name and email address correctly.
</font>
<%
}
%>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUT PUT
Please Enter the following information:
Name
Email
prev Calendar:5/29/2008 next
Time Appointment
8am None
9am None
10am None
11am None
12pm None
1pm None
2pm None
3pm None
4pm None
5pm None
6pm None
7pm
None
pvr : pvr@gmail.com
ANANTH
ananth_r
Submit
40
Calender2
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>
Calendar: A JSP APPLICATION
</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="white">
<jsp:useBean id="table" scope="session" class="cal.TableBean" />
<%
String time = request.getParameter ("time");
%>
<FONT SIZE=5> Please add the following event:
<BR> <h3> Date <%= table.getDate() %>
<BR> Time <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(time) %> </h3>
</FONT>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION=cal1.jsp>
<BR>
<BR> <INPUT NAME="date" TYPE=HIDDEN VALUE="current">
<BR> <INPUT NAME="time" TYPE=HIDDEN VALUE=<%=
util.HTMLFilter.filter(time) %>
<BR> <h2> Description of the event <INPUT NAME="description" TYPE=TEXT
SIZE=20> </h2>
<BR> <INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE="submit">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
PROGRAM FOR JSP-Servlet-JSP
Source Code for JSP calling servlet
<HTML>
<body bgcolor="white">
<!-- Forward to a servlet -->
<jsp:forward page="/servletToJsp" />
</html> OR
Source Code for Servlet calling JSP
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class servletToJsp extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet (HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
try {
// Set the attribute and Forward to hello.jsp
request.setAttribute ("servletName", "servletToJsp");
getServletConfig().getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/jsptoserv/hello.jsp").forwar
d(request, response);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace ();
}
}
}
OUT PUT
I have been invoked by servletToJsp Servlet.
7. Source Code for HelloWorld Example
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class HelloWorld extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<html>");
out.println("<head>");
out.println("<title>Hello World!</title>");
out.println("</head>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("<h1>Hello World!</h1>");
out.println("</body>");
out.println("</html>");
}
}
OUTPUT:
Hello World!
43
Source Code for Session Example
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class SessionExample extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
// print session info
Date created = new Date(session.getCreationTime());
Date accessed = new Date(session.getLastAccessedTime());
out.println("ID " + session.getId());
out.println("Created: " + created);
out.println("Last Accessed: " + accessed);
// set session info if needed
String dataName = request.getParameter("dataName");
if (dataName != null && dataName.length() > 0) {
String dataValue = request.getParameter("dataValue");
session.setAttribute(dataName, dataValue);
}
// print session contents
Enumeration e = session.getAttributeNames();
while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
String name = (String)e.nextElement();
String value = session.getAttribute(name).toString();
out.println(name + " = " + value);
}
}
}
OUTPUT:-
Sessions Example
Session ID: E55B7AE87EEC8556A084BBFF47E96155
Created: Thu May 29 12:00:08 IST 2008
Last Accessed: Thu May 29 12:00:43 IST 2008
The following data is in your session:
ANANTH = 1234
RAM = 4321
Name of Session Attribute:
Value of Session Attribute:
GET based form:
Name of Session Attribute:
Value of Session Attribute:
URL encoded
Submit Query
Submit Query
Using Cookies
Now, let's develop a servlet that illustrates how to use cookies. The servlet is invoked
when a form on a Web page is submitted. The example contains three files, as
summarized here:
File Description
AddCookie.htm
Allows a user to specify a value for the cookie named
M yCookie
AddCookieServlet.java
P rocesses the submission of AddCookie.htm
GetCookiesServlet.java
Displays cookie values
The HTML source code for AddCookie.htm is shown in the following listing. This page
contains a text field in which a value can be entered. The page also includes a submit
button. When this button is pressed, the value in the text field is sent to
AddCookieServlet via an HTTP POST request.
<html>
<body>
<center>
<form name="Form1"
method="post"
action="http://localhost:8080/servlet/AddCookieServlet">
<B>Enter a value for MyCookie:</B>
<input type=textbox name="data" size=25 value="">
<input type=submit value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
The source code for AddCookieServlet.java is shown in the following listing. It gets the
value of the parameter named "data". It then creates a Cookie object that has the name
"MyCookie" and contains the value of the "data" parameter. The cookie is then added to
the header of the HTTP response via the addCookie( ) method. A feedback message is
then written to the browser.
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class AddCookieServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// Get parameter from HTTP request
String data = request.getParameter("data");
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("MyCookie", data);
// Add cookie to HTTP response
response.addCookie(cookie);
// Write output to browser
response.setContentType("text/html");ET 46
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.println("<B>MyCookie has been set to");
pw.println(data);
pw.close();
}
}
The source code for GetCookiesServlet.java is shown in the following listing. It invokes
the getCookies( ) method to read any cookies that are included in the HTTP GET request. The names and values of these cookies are then written to the HTTP response. Observe that the getName( ) and getValue( ) methods are called to obtain this
information.
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class GetCookiesServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// Get cookies from header of HTTP request
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
// Display these cookies
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.println("<B>");
for(int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
String name = cookies[i].getName();
String value = cookies[i].getValue();
pw.println("name = " + name +
"; value = " + value);
}
pw.close();
}
}
The following servlet illustrates how to use session state. The getSession( ) method gets the current session. A new session is created if one does not already exist. The getValue( ) method is called to obtain the object that is bound to the name "date". That object is a Date object that encapsulates the date and time when this page was last accessed. (Of course, there is no such binding when the page is first accessed.) A Date object encapsulating the current date and time is then created. The putValue( ) method is called to bind the name "date" to this object.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class DateServlet extends HttpServlet {
47
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// Get the HttpSession object
HttpSession hs = request.getSession(true);
// Get writer
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.print("<B>");
// Display date/time of last access
Date date = (Date)hs.getValue("date");
if(date != null) {
pw.print("Last access: " + date + "<br>");
}
// Display current date/time
date = new Date();
hs.putValue("date", date);
pw.println("Current date: " + date);
}}
48
Source Code for Cookie Example
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class CookieExample extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
// print out cookies
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
Cookie c = cookies[i];
String name = c.getName();
String value = c.getValue();
out.println(name + " = " + value);
}
// set a cookie
String name = request.getParameter("cookieName");
if (name != null && name.length() > 0) {
String value = request.getParameter("cookieValue");
Cookie c = new Cookie(name, value);
response.addCookie(c);
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
Cookies Example
Your browser is sending the following cookies:
Cookie Name: ANANTH
Cookie Value: 876543
Cookie Name: RAM
Cookie Value: 1234567
You just sent the following cookie to your browser:
Name: GURUNANAK
Value: 5000060
Create a cookie to send to your browser
Name:
Value:
IBRAHIMPATN
5000020
Submit Query
Write web program to implement Hello word
<Web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>simple servlet </servlet-name>
<servlet-class> Hello Word</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>simple servlet</servlet-name>
<un-pattern>servlet<un-pattern>
</Web-app>
OUTPUT : Hello Word
Program for Simple Servlet
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
public class simpleServlet extends GenericServlet{
public void service(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response)
throws ServletException,IOException{
res.setcontenttype Type("TEXT/HTML");
PrintWriter out=res.getwriter();
out.println("<html>");
out.println("<head>");
out.println("<title>this is simple servlet</title>);
out.println("</head");
out.println("</body>");
out.println(<center<b>testing servelet</b></center);
out.println(</body>);
out.println(</html>);
out.close();
}
}
Program for Postparmeter Servlet
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
public class PostParametersServlet
extends GenericServlet{
public void service(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response)
throws ServletException,IOException{
//Get printwriter
PrintWriter pw=response.getWriter();
//Get enumeration of parameternames
Enumeration e=request.getParameterNames();
//Display parameter names and values
while(e.hasMoreElements())
{
String pname=(String)e.nextElement();
pw.print(pname+"=");
String pvalue=request.getParameter(pname);
pw.println(pvalue);
}
pw.close();
}
}
7 Implement the “Hello World!” program using JSP Struts Framework.
Source Code for the Hello World Tag Example
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Hello World SimpleTag Handler</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Hello World SimpleTag Handler</h1>
<hr>
<p>This tag handler simply echos "Hello, World!" It's an example of
a very basic SimpleTag handler with no body.</p>
<br>
<b><u>Result:</u></b>
<mytag:helloWorld/>
</body>
</html>
OUT PUT
This tag handler simply echos "Hello, World!" It's an example of a very basic SimpleTag
handler with no body.
Result: Hello, world!
Program : Deposit
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><A HREF="TRANSACTIONS.HTML">HOME</A></P>
<TITLE> DEPOSIT DETAILS </TITLE><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<CENTER><FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">
<FORM METHOD=POST
ACTION="http://localhost:8080/bank/resourses/Deposit.com">
DEPOSIT DETAILS</FONT><BR><BR><BR>
ACCOUNT NO.:<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="ACCOUNTNO"><BR><BR>
AMOUNT:<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="AMT"><BR><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT">
<INPUT TYPE="reset">
</FORM>
</CENTER>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT
DEPOSIT DETAILS
ACCOUNT NO.:
AMOUNT:
SUBMIT Reset
Program : Transactions
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> TRANSACTIONS</TITLE><BR><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="" NAME="TRANSACTION">
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="6"COLOR="#0000CC">
TRANSACTIONS
</FONT><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="VIEWBAL.HTML">VIEW BALANCE</A><BR><BR>
<LI><A HREF="DEPDETAILS.HTML">DEPOSIT</A><BR><BR>
<LI><A HREF="WITHDETAILS.HTML">WITHDRAW</A><BR><BR>
<LI><A HREF="CLOSING.HTML">CLOSE AN ACCOUNT</A><BR><BR>
<LI><A HREF="USERDETAILS.HTML">EXIT</A></UL>
</CENTER>
</FORM>
</HEAD>
</BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT :
TRANSACTIONS
· VIEW BALANCE
· DEPOSIT
· WITHDRAW
· CLOSE AN ACCOUNT
· EXIT
Program : User Details
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> USER DETAILS </TITLE>
<CENTER><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">USER DETAILS</FONT><BR><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="">
USERNAME:
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="UN"><BR><BR>
PASSWORD:
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="PW"><BR><BR><BR>
INVALID USERNAME OR PASSWORD.
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT"><BR><BR><BR>
Click here to Create<A HREF="NEWACC.HTML">NEW USER</A></CENTER>
</FORM>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output:
USER DETAILS
USERNAME:
PASSWORD:
INVALID USERNAME OR PASSWORD.
Click here to Create :NEW USER
Program : Withdraw
SUBMIT
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><A HREF="TRANSACTIONS.HTML">HOME</A></P>
<TITLE> WITHDRAWAL DETAILS </TITLE><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<CENTER><FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">
WITHDRAWAL DETAILS</FONT><BR><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST
ACTION="http://localhost:8080/bank/resourses/Withdraw.com">
ACCOUNT NO.:<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="ACCOUNTNO"><BR><BR>
AMOUNT:<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="AMT"><BR><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT">
<INPUT TYPE="reset">
</FORM>
</CENTER>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output:
WITHDRAWAL DETAILS
ACCOUNT NO.:
AMOUNT:
SUBMIT Reset
Program : Closing
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><A HREF="TRANSACTIONS.HTML">HOME</A></P>
<TITLE> CLOSING ACCOUNT </TITLE><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<CENTER><FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">
CLOSING ACCOUNT</FONT><BR><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://localhost:8080/bank/resourses/Close.com">
ACCOUNT NO.:<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="ACCOUNTNO"><BR><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT">
<INPUT TYPE="reset">
</FORM>
</CENTER>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output:
CLOSING ACCOUNT
ACCOUNT NO.:
SUBMIT Reset
Program : User Account
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> NEW ACCOUNT FORM </TITLE>
<CENTER><BR><FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">
NEW ACCOUNT FORM</FONT><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://localhost:8080/bank/Signup.com">
<TABLE>
<TR>
<TD>NAME:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="NAME"></TD><BR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>AGE:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="AGE">YRS</TD><BR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>OCCUPATION:</TD>
<TD><SELECT NAME="OCCUPATION">
<OPTION VALUE="" SELECTED>BUSINESS</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="">STUDENT</OPTION>
</SELECT><BR></TD>
</TR> <TR>
<TD>ADDRESS:</TD>
<TD><TEXTAREA NAME="ADDRESS" ROWS="3"
COLS="20"></TEXTAREA><BR></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>PHONE-NUMBER:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="PHONE"><BR></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>ACCOUNT TYPE:</TD>
<TD><SELECT NAME="ACCTYPE">
<OPTION VALUE="" SELECTED>SAVING</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="">CURRENTACC
</SELECT><BR></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>OPENING-DATE:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="OPENDATE"><BR></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>USERNAME:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="USERNAME"><BR></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>PASSWORD:</TD>
59
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="PASSWORD"><BR></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>REENTER PASSWORD:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="REPWD"></TD>
</TR>
<TR><BR>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT" ></TR><BR><BR><BR>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="reset"></TD>
</FORM>
</CENTER>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output:
NEW ACCOUNT FORM
NAME:
AGE: YRS
OCCUPATION:
ADDRESS:
PHONE-NUMBER:
ACCOUNT TYPE:
OPENING-DATE:
USERNAME:
PASSWORD:
REENTER PASSWORD:
Program : User Details
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> USER DETAILS </TITLE>
BUSINESS
SAVING
SUBMIT
Reset
60
<CENTER><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">USER DETAILS</FONT><BR><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://localhost:8080/bank/Login.com">
USERNAME:
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="UN"><BR><BR>
PASSWORD:
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="PW"><BR><BR><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT"><BR><BR><BR>
Click here to Create<A HREF="NEWACC.HTML">NEW USER</A></CENTER>
</FORM>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output:
USER DETAILS
USERNAME:
PASSWORD:
Click here to CreateNEW USER
SUBMIT
61
Program : View Balance
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><A HREF="TRANSACTIONS.HTML">HOME</A></P>
<TITLE>VIEW BALANCE</TITLE><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://localhost:8080/bank/Balance.com"
NAME="BAL">
<CENTER><FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">
VIEW BALANCE</FONT><BR><BR><BR><BR>
ACCOUNT NUMBER: <INPUT TYPE="text"
NAME="ACCNO"><BR><BR><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT">
</CENTER>
</FORM>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output :
VIEW BALANCE
ACCOUNT NUMBER:
SUBMIT
62
8. Enter into the following text box "34 22 23 435 33 2 1 43 54", for example, and press the
sort numerically button. Or, try entering "this is a test", and press the sort alpha button.
<script type="text/javascript">
function sortit(a,b){
return(a-b)
}
function sortvalues(param){
var inputvalues=document.sorter.sorter2.value.split(" ")
if (param==0) //if sort alphabetically
inputvalues.sort()
else //else if sort numerically
inputvalues.sort(sortit)
document.sorter.sorter2.value=''
for (i=0;i<inputvalues.length-1;i++)
document.sorter.sorter2.value=document.sorter.sorter2.value+inputvalues[i]+" "
document.sorter.sorter2.value+=inputvalues[inputvalues.length-1]
}
</script>
<form name="sorter">
<p>
<textarea rows="10" name="sorter2" cols="50" wrap="virtual"></textarea><br>
<input type="button" value="Sort alphabetically" onClick="sortvalues(0)">
<input type="button" value="Sort numerically" onClick="sortvalues(1)">
<input type="reset" value="Reset">
</form>
63
Output
64
Additional Programs
s.no Programs Page
no
1 Program for implementation of Fonts 23
2 Program for implementation of Table 24
3 Program for implementation of List 27
4 Program for addition of two no’s in java script 28
5 Program for implementation of Switch case 30
6 Program to find maximum of 3 no’s 33
7 Program for Entering a password 35
8 Program for implementation of Thambola 38
9 Program for Factorial 40
10 Program for Addition of two Matrices 42
11 Program for Online Exam 48
12 Program for Bubble Sort 53
13 Program for implementation of Linear Search 55
14 Program for displaying an image on mouse click 59
15 Program for Exhibiting Blending Effect 61
16 Program Code To Exhibit X-ray Effect 63
17 Program Code To Exhibit Shadow Effect 65
18 Program Code To Exhibit Wave Effect 67
19 Program for implementing Animation 69
20 Program To display background Sound 72
21 Program To add video file 76
22 Using JavaScript sort given array in ascending and descending
order.
65
AIM
Write a script for selection sort.
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title> Sort
</title>
<script language="Javascript">
var b,i,j,temp;
var a;
a=[];
document.write("Enter array");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
b=prompt("enter array element=","0");
a[i]=parseInt(b);
}
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
document.write("<br>"+a[i]);
}
document.write("<br>Sorted array is");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
66
{
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
{
if(a[i]<a[j])
{
temp=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=temp;
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
document.write("<br>"+a[i]);
}
</script> </head></html>
67
OUTPUT
Enter array
4
2
5
Sorted array is
2
4
5
68
AIM
Write Java Script that inputs three integers from the user and outputs their
sum, average, largest. Use alert dialog box to display results.
PROGRAM
<html> <head> <title> MAX </title>
<script language="javascript">
var a,b,c,n1,n2,n3,m1,m2,sum,avg;
a=prompt("enter 1st no="," ");
b=prompt("enter 2nd no="," ");
c=prompt("enter 3rd no="," ");
n1=parseInt(a);
n2=parseInt(b);
n3=parseInt(c);
sum=n1+n2+n3;
avg=sum/3;
m1=Math.max(n1,n2);
m2=Math.max(n3,m1);
alert("the sum is= "+sum);
alert("the avg is= "+m2);
alert("the max no is "+m2);
</script> </head></html>
OUTPUT
69
AIM
Write a script to write word equivalent of a check amount.
70
PROGRAM
<html>
<HEAD>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
var checkflag = "false";
function check(field)
{
if (checkflag == "false")
{
for (i = 0; i < field.length; i++)
{
field[i].checked = true;}
checkflag = "true";
return "Uncheck All";
}
else
{
for (i = 0; i < field.length; i++)
{
field[i].checked = false;
}
checkflag = "false";
return "Check All";
71
}
}
</script>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<center>
<form name=myform action="" method=post>
<table>
<tr><td>
<b>Your Favorite Scripts & Languages</b><br>
<input type=checkbox name=list value="1">Java<br>
<input type=checkbox name=list value="2">JavaScript<br>
<input type=checkbox name=list value="3">ASP<br>
<input type=checkbox name=list value="4">HTML<br>
<input type=checkbox name=list value="5">SQL<br>
<br>
<inputtype=button value="Check All"
onClick="this.value=check(this.form.list)">
</td></tr>
</table>
</form>
</center>
</body>
</html>
72
OUTPUT
73
AIM
Practice writing css rules
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>style sheets</title>
<style type=”text/css”></head>
em{backgroundcolor:#8000ff;color=white}
h1{font family:Lucida console;color:red}
p{font size:30pt}
sp{color:red}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2class=”sp”>testing</h2>
<em><h1>test</h1></em>
<em>test1</em>
<p>test2</p>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT
74
testing
test
test1
test2
75
AIM
Write a web page that displays grades of a student.
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title> STUDENT GRADES
</title>
<script language="java script">
var a,n,b,c,sum=0,avg=0;
b=prompt("enter student no=","0");
n=parseInt(b);
while(n<=10)
{ a=prompt("enter ur grade=","0");
c=parseInt(a);
sum=sum+c;
n++;
}
avg=sum/n;
document.write("avg is"+avg);
</script>
</head></html>
76
AIM
Write a function that responds to a click anywhere on the page.
PROGRAM
<html>
<body>
<center>
[<a href="/" onMouseOver="document.bgColor='Green'">GREEN</a>]
[<a href="/" onMouseOver="document.bgColor='Red'">RED</a>]
[<a href="/" onMouseOver="document.bgColor='orange'">orange</a>]
[<a href="/" onMouseOver="document.bgColor='green'">brightgreen</a>]
[<a href="/" onMouseOver="document.bgColor='seagreen'">seagreen</a>]
</center>
</body>
</html>
77
OUTPUT
78
AIM
Program for implementation of Fonts
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>Font Test</title>
</head>
<body>
<br><b><font face=”Times New Roman”>Font Check</font></b>
<br><i><font face=”Times New Roman”><font size=4><font color=”black”>All
Operations</font></i>
<br><i><b>Bold italic check</b></i>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT
Font Check
All Operations
Bold italic check
79
AIM
Program for creating a table
PROGRAM
<! code to show the use of tables>
<html>
<head>
<title> Using Tables</title>
</head>
<body><center>
<table border="1" width="5" height="5" bordercolor="red">
<caption> Student Marks </caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Marks</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>alok</td>
<td>90</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>anuj</td>
80
<td>90</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ankush</td>
<td>90</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<th>Avg Marks</th>
<th>90</th>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</body>
</html>
81
OUTPUT
82
AIM
Program for implementation of List
PROGRAM
<html>
<body>
<ul>
<li>list1</li>
</ul><ul> <li>Gnec</li>
<ol>
<li>IT</li>
<li>CSE</li>
<li>ECE</li>
</ol></ol></ul></body></html>
OUTPUT
• list1
• Gnec
1. IT
2. CSE
3. ECE
83
AIM
Write a java script to compute addition of two numbers
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>
Java Script Add
</title>
<script language="java script">
alert("Addition \n of two numbers!");
var num1, num2,n1,n2,sum;
num1=window. prompt("Enter the first number","0");
num2=window. prompt("Enter the second number","0");
n1=parseInt(num1);
n2=parseInt(num2);
sum=n1+n2;
alert("sum is"+sum);
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT
84
Addition of 10 and 20 : 30
85
AIM
Program for implementation of Switch case
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>
USING THE SWITCH STATEMENT
</title>
<script language ="Javascript">
var num=true;var choice,ch,ft,lt,head;
choice=window.prompt(" 1. BOLD 2. ITALICS 3. UNDERLINED
......","1");
ch =parseInt(choice);
switch(ch)
{
case 1: ft="<b>";
lt="</b>";
head="<h1> This is in BOLD </h1>";
break;
case 2: ft="<i>";
lt="</i>";
head="<h1> This is in ITALICS </h1>";
break;
case 3: ft="<u>";
lt="</u>";
86
head="<h1> This is in UNDERLINED </h1>";
break;
default : num=false;
break;
}
if(num==true)
document.write(head+ft+" <h1>Text </h1>"+lt);
else
document.write(" <h1>Wrong Choice ! try again.");
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT
This is in UNDERLINED
Text
AIM
Program to find maximum of 3 no’s
87
PROGRAM
<html>
<head> <title> Maximum of Number </title>
<script language ="Javascript">
var a,b,c,a1,b1,c1,max1,max2;
a=window.prompt("Enter first number >>","0");
b=window.prompt("Enter second number >>","1");
c=window.prompt("Enter third number >>","2");
a1=parseInt(a);
b1=parseInt(b);
c1=parseInt(c);
max1=Math.max(a,b);
max2=Math.max(max1,c);
document.write("<br><br><br><center><h1>Maximum number of
"+a1+", "+b1+" and "+c1+" is "+max2);
</script>
<body></body>
</html>
88
Output
Maximum number of 6, 1 and 9 is 9
89
AIM
Program for Entering a password
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>event clicking</title>
<script language="javascript">
function passwordCheck()
{
var pw=ole.pw.value;
var cpw=ole.cpw.value;
if(pw!=cpw)
window.alert("Re-enter your password");
}
</script></head>
<center>
<body font size=5 bgcolor="cyan" leftmargin=120 topmargin=120 >
<Form id="ole" onSubmit="passwordCheck(this)">
PASSWORD:
 
;
90
<input type=password name="pw"size=10 max length=8 > </input>
<br><br><br>
CONFIRM
PASSWORD
<input type=password name="cpw"size=10 max length=8 > </input>
<br><br><br>
<input type="submit" name="sub" value="submit">
<input type="reset" name="rt" value="reset"></center
</body>
</html>
91
OUTPUT
92
AIM
Program for implementation of Thambola
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title> J Script </title>
<script language="javascript">
var value;
alert("thambola");
document.writeln("<table border=1 width=50% align=center> ");
document.writeln("<caption> Thambola </caption><tr>");
for(var i=1;i<=15;i++)
{
value=Math.floor(1+Math.random()*100);
document.writeln("<td>"+value+"</td>");
if(i%5==0 )
document.writeln("</tr><tr>");
}
document.writeln("</tr></table>");
</script>
93
</head>
</html>
OUTPUT
94
AIM
Program for Factorial
PROGRAM
<html>
<head><u><center><b>RECURSIVE FACTORIAL</b><br></u>
<title>
factorial
</title>
<script lang="javascript">
var i,fact,a,n;
a=prompt("enter any no","0");
n=parseInt(a);
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
res=fact(i);
document.writeln("<br> THE FACTORIAL OF "+i+" IS >> "+res);
}
function fact(x)
{
if(x==0 || x==1)
return(1);
else
return(x*fact(x-1));
}
95
</script>
</head>
</html>
OUTPUT
RECURSIVE FACTORIAL
THE FACTORIAL OF 1 IS >> 1
THE FACTORIAL OF 2 IS >> 2
THE FACTORIAL OF 3 IS >> 6
THE FACTORIAL OF 4 IS >> 24
THE FACTORIAL OF 5 IS >> 120
96
AIM
Program for addition of two matrices
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>Array Addition</title>
<script language="javascript">
var a,n,i,j,b,c;
a=[[],[]];
b=[[],[]];
c=[[],[]];
n=parseInt(window.prompt("Enter the array size"," "));
window.alert("Enter the elements in the first array");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
{
a[i][j]=parseInt(window.prompt("Enter the
element",""));
}
}
window.alert("Enter the elements in the second array");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
97
{
b[i][j]=parseInt(window.prompt("Enter the
element",""));
}
}
document.writeln("<br>The elements of Ist Matrix
are..");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
{
document.writeln(a[i][j]);
}
}
document.writeln("<br>The elements of IInd Matrix are..");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
{
document.writeln(b[i][j]);
}
}
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
{
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
}
}
document.writeln("<br>The addition of matrices is:");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
{
document.writeln(c[i][j]);
}
}
</script>
</head>
</html>
OUTPUTT
The elements of Ist Matrix are.. 1 1 1 1
The elements of IInd Matrix are.. 1 1 1 1
The addition of matrices is: 2 2 2 2
102
AIM
Program for Online Exam
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title> Exam </title>
<script language="Javascript">
function exam(form)
{
var i=0;
if(form.one[2].checked)
i=i+1;
if(form.three[0].checked)
i=i+1;
if(form.four[0].checked)
i=i+1;
if(form.five[1].checked)
i=i+1;
window.alert("score is"+i);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form onSubmit="exam(this)">
<center>Online exam</center>
<P>
<h1>1)Which is platform independent language</h1>
<input type="radio" name="one" value="c++">
<label>c++</label>
<input type="radio" name="one" value="c">
<label>c</label>
<input type="radio" name="one" value="java">
<label>Java</label>
<input type="radio" name="one" value="basic">
<label>BASIC</label>
</P>
<P>
<h1>2)Which is class of all class in java</h1>
<input type="radio" name="three" value="object">
<label>Object</label>
<input type="radio" name="three" value="math">
<label>Math</label>
<input type="radio" name="three" value="system">
<label>System</label>
<input type="radio" name="three" value="graphic">
<label>Graphic</label>
</P>
<P>
<h1>3)Frame package is in which package</h1>
<input type="radio" name="four" value="awt">
<label>AWT</label>
<input type="radio" name="four" value="applet">
<label>Applet</label>
<input type="radio" name="four" value="lang">
<label>Lang</label>
<input type="radio" name="four" value="swing">
<label>Swing</label>
</P>
<P>
<h1>4)Java does not support</h1>
<input type="radio" name="five" value="inheritance">
<label>Inheritance</label>
<input type="radio" name="five" value="multiple inheritance">
<label>Multiple inheritance</label>
<input type="radio" name="five" value="polymorphism">
<label>Polymorphism</label>
<input type="radio" name="five" value="encryption">
<label>Encryption</label>
</P> <P><center>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
<input type="reset" name="reset" value="reset">
</center> </p> </body></html>
OUTPUT
Online exam
1)Which is platform independent language
c++ c Java BASIC
2)Which is class of all class in java
Object Math System Graphic
3)Frame package is in which package
AWT Applet Lang Swing
4)Java does not support
Inheritance Multiple inheritance Polymorphism Encryption
AIM
Program for Bubble Sort
PROGRAM
<html>
submit reset
<head>
<title>Bubble Sort</title>
<script language="JavaScript">
var a=[3,5,2,9,1,8]
var t,n=6;
for( var i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(var j=0;j<n-1;j++)
{
if(a[j]>a[j+1])
{
t=a[j];
a[j]=a[j+1];
a[j+1]=t;
}
}
}
document.write("<h1>The sorted order is: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
document.write(a[i]);
document.write(" ");
}
</script>
</head>
<body topmargin=50 leftmargin=100></body>
</html>
OUTPUT
The sorted order is: 1 2 3 5 8 9
108
AIM
Program for implementation of Linear Search
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>Array Addition</title>
<script language="javascript">
var flag=0,a,n,key,i
var a=new Array(10);
n=parseInt(window.prompt("Enter the size of the array",""));
window.alert("Enter the elements in the array");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
a[i]=parseInt(window.prompt("Enter the element ",""));
}
key=parseInt(window.prompt("Enter the searching element",""));
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if (a[i]==key)
{
flag=1;
window.alert(" element is found at location "+(i+1));
}
}
109
if (flag==0)
window.alert(" element is not
found");//document.writeln("The element is not found");
</script>
</head>
<body bgcolor="pink">
</body>
</html> 110
OUTPUT
112
AIM
Program for displaying an image on mouse click
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>onclick image</title>
</head>
<body leftmargin=100 topmargin=100 bgcolor="#111111">
<img name="images" width=200 height=200 src=1.gif "><p>
<form><h3>
<input type="button" value="image1"
onClick="document.images.src='1.gif' ">
<input type="button" value="image2"
onClick="document.images.src='2.gif' ">
<input type="button" value="image3"
onClick="document.images.src='3.gif' ">
</form></h3></body></html>
113
OUTPUT
114
AIM
Program Code To Exhibit Blending Effect
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title> J Script </title>
<script language="javascript">
function blendOut()
{
//textInput.filters("blendTrans").apply();
//textInput.style.visibility="hidden";
textInput.filters("blendTrans").play();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="textInput" onmouseover="blendOut()" style="width:100;
filter:blendTrans(duration=5)">
<h1> MULTI MEDIA </h1>
</div>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUTCET
116
VIVA questions & Answers
1. What is the difference between procedural and object-oriented programs?-
a) In procedural program, programming logic follows certain procedures and the instructions are executed one after another. In OOP program, unit of program is object, which is nothing but combination of data and code.
b) In procedural program, data is exposed to the whole program whereas in OOPs program, it is accessible with in the object and which in turn assures the security of the code.
2. What are Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism?-
Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and data it manipulates and keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse. Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object. Polymorphism is the feature that allows
one interface to be used for general class actions.
3. What is the difference between Assignment and Initialization?-
Assignment can be done as many times as desired whereas initialization can be done only once.
4. What is OOPs?-
Object oriented programming organizes a program around its data, i. e. , objects and a set of well defined interfaces to that data. An objectoriented program can be characterized as data controlling access to code.
5. What are Class, Constructor and Primitive data types?-
Class is a template for multiple objects with similar features and it is a blue print for objects. It defines a type of object according to the data the object can hold and the operations the object can perform. Constructor is a special kind of method that determines how an object
is initialized when created. Primitive data types are 8 types and they are: byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean, char.
6. What is an Object and how do you allocate memory to it?-
Object is an instance of a class and it is a software unit that combines a structured set of data with a set of operations for inspecting and manipulating that data. When an object is created using new operator, memory is allocated to it.
7. What is the difference between constructor and method?-
Constructor will be automatically invoked when an object is created whereas method has to be called explicitly.
8. What are methods and how are they defined?-
Methods are functions that operate on instances of classes in which they are defined. Objects can communicate with each other using methods and can call methods in other classes. Method definition has four parts. They are name of the method, type of object or primitive type the method returns, a list of parameters and the body of the method. A method’s signature is a combination of the first three parts mentioned above.
9. What is the use of bin and lib in JDK?-
Bin contains all tools such as javac, appletviewer, awt tool, etc., whereas lib contains API and all packages.
10. What is casting?-
Casting is used to convert the value of one type to another.
11. How many ways can an argument be passed to a subroutine and explain
them?-
An argument can be passed in two ways. They are passing by value and passing by reference. Passing by value: This method copies the value of an argument into the formal parameter of the subroutine. Passing by reference: In this method, a reference to an argument (not the value of the argument) is passed to the parameter.ET
12. What is the difference between an argument and a parameter?-
While defining method, variables passed in the method are called parameters. While using those methods, values passed to those variables are called arguments.
13. What are different types of access modifiers?-
public: Any thing declared as public can be accessed from anywhere. private: Any thing declared as private can’t be seen outside of its class. protected: Any thing declared as protected can be accessed by classes in the same package and subclasses in the other packages.
default modifier : Can be accessed only to classes in the same package.
14. What is final, finalize() and finally?-
final : final keyword can be used for class, method and variables. A final class cannot be subclassed and it prevents other programmers from subclassing a secure class to invoke insecure methods. A final method can’t be overridden. A final variable can’t change from its initialized value. finalize() : finalize() method is used just before an object is destroyed and can be called just prior to garbage collection. finally : finally, a key word used in exception
handling, creates a block of code that will be executed after a try/catch block has completed and before the code following the try/catch block. The finally block will execute whether or not an exception is thrown. For example, if a method opens a file upon exit, then you will not want the code that closes the file to be bypassed by the exception-handling mechanism. This finally keyword is designed to address this contingency.
15. What is UNICODE?-
Unicode is used for internal representation of characters and strings and it uses 16 bits to represent each other.
16. What is Garbage Collection and how to call it explicitly?-
When an object is no longer referred to by any variable, java automatically reclaims memory used by that object. This is known as garbage collection. System. gc() method may be used to call it explicitly.
17. What is finalize() method?-
finalize () method is used just before an object is destroyed and can be called just prior to garbage collection.
18. What are Transient and Volatile Modifiers?-
Transient: The transient modifier applies to variables only and it is not stored as part of its object’s Persistent state. Transient variables are not serialized. Volatile: Volatile modifier applies to variables only and it tells the compiler that the variable modified by volatile can be
changed unexpectedly by other parts of the program.
19. What is method overloading and method overriding?-
Method overloading:When a method in a class having the same method name with different arguments is said to be method overloading. Method overriding : When a method in a class
having the same method name with same arguments is said to be method overriding.
20. What is difference between overloading and overriding?-
a) In overloading, there is a relationship between methods available in the same class whereas in overriding, there is relationship between a superclass method and subclass method.
b) Overloading does not block inheritance from the superclass whereas overriding blocks inheritance from the superclass.
c) In overloading, separate methods share the same name whereas in overriding, subclass method replaces the superclass.
d) Overloading must have different method signatures whereas overriding must have
same signature.
21. What is meant by Inheritance and what are its advantages?- Inheritance is the
process of inheriting all the features from a class. The advantages of inheritance are reusability of code and accessibility of variables and methods of the super class by subclasses.
22. What is the difference between this() and super()?-
this() can be used to invoke a constructor of the same class whereas super() can be used to invoke a super class constructor.
23. What is the difference between superclass and subclass?-
A super class is a class that is inherited whereas sub class is a class that does the inheriting.
24. What modifiers may be used with top-level class?-
public, abstract and final can be used for top-level class.
25. What are inner class and anonymous class?-
Inner class : classes defined in other classes, including those defined in methods are called inner classes. An inner class can have any accessibility including private. Anonymous class : Anonymous class is a class defined inside a method without a name and is instantiated and declared in the same place and cannot have explicit constructors.
26. What is a package?-
A package is a collection of classes and interfaces that provides a high-level layer of access protection and name space management.
27. What is a reflection package?-
java. lang. reflect package has the ability to analyze itself in runtime.
28. What is interface and its use?-
Interface is similar to a class which may contain method’s signature only but not bodies and it is a formal set of method and constant declarations that must be defined by the class that implements it. Interfaces are useful for:
a)Declaring methods that one or more classes are expected to implement
b)Capturing similarities between unrelated classes without forcing a class relationship. c)Determining an object’s programming interface without revealing the actual body of the class.
29. What is an abstract class?-
An abstract class is a class designed with implementation gaps for subclasses to fill in and is deliberately incomplete.
30. What is the difference between Integer and int?-
a) Integer is a class defined in the java. lang package, whereas int is a primitive data type defined in the Java language itself. Java does not automatically convert from one to the other.
b) Integer can be used as an argument for a method that requires an object, whereas int can be used for calculations.
31. What is a cloneable interface and how many methods does it contain?-
It is not having any method because it is a TAGGED or MARKER interface.
32. What is the difference between abstract class and interface?-
a) All the methods declared inside an interface are abstract whereas abstract class must have at least one abstract method and others may be concrete or abstract.
b) In abstract class, key word abstract must be used for the methods whereas interface we need not use that keyword for the methods.
c) Abstract class must have subclasses whereas interface
can’t have subclasses.
33. Can you have an inner class inside a method and what variables can you
access?-
Yes, we can have an inner class inside a method and final variables can be accessed.
34. What is the difference between String and String Buffer?-
a) String objects are constants and immutable whereas StringBuffer objects are not.
b) String class supports constant strings whereas StringBuffer class supports growable and
modifiable strings.9
35. What is the difference between Array and vector?-
Array is a set of related data type and static whereas vector is a growable array of objects and dynamic.
36. What is the difference between exception and error?-
The exception class defines mild error conditions that your program encounters. Exceptions can occur when trying to open the file, which does not exist, the network connection is disrupted, operands being manipulated are out of prescribed ranges, the class file you are interested in loading is missing. The error class defines serious error conditions that you should not attempt to recover from. In most cases it is advisable to let the program terminate when such an error is encountered.
37. What is the difference between process and thread?-
Process is a program in execution whereas thread is a separate path of execution in a program.
38. What is multithreading and what are the methods for inter-thread communication and what is the class in which these methods are defined?-
Multithreading is the mechanism in which more than one thread run independent of each other within the process. wait (), notify () and notifyAll() methods can be used for inter-thread communication and these methods are in Object class. wait() : When a thread executes a call to wait() method, it surrenders the object lock and enters into a waiting state. notify() or notifyAll() : To remove a thread from the waiting state, some other thread must make a call to notify() or notifyAll() method on the same object.
39. What is the class and interface in java to create thread and which is the most
advantageous method?-
Thread class and Runnable interface can be used to create threads and using Runnable interface is the most advantageous method to create threads because we need not extend thread class here.
40. What are the states associated in the thread?-
Thread contains ready, running, waiting and dead states.
41. What is synchronization?-
Synchronization is the mechanism that ensures that only one thread is accessed the resources at a time.
42. When you will synchronize a piece of your code?-
When you expect your code will be accessed by different threads and these threads may change a particular data causing data corruption.
43. What is deadlock?-
When two threads are waiting each other and can’t precede the program is said to be deadlock.
44. What is daemon thread and which method is used to create the daemon
thread?-
Daemon thread is a low priority thread which runs intermittently in the back ground doing the garbage collection operation for the java runtime system. setDaemon method is used to create a daemon thread.
45. Are there any global variables in Java, which can be accessed by other part of
your program?-
No, it is not the main method in which you define variables. Global variables is not possible because concept of encapsulation is eliminated here.
46. What is an applet?-
Applet is a dynamic and interactive program that runs inside a web page displayed by a java capable browser.
47. What is the difference between applications and applets?-
a)Application must be run on local machine whereas applet needs no explicit installation on local machine.
b)Application must be run explicitly within a java-compatible virtual machine whereas applet loads and runs itself automatically in a java-enabled browser.
c)Application starts execution with its main method whereas applet starts execution with its init method. e)Application can run with or without graphical user interface whereas applet must run within a graphical user interface.
48. How does applet recognize the height and width?-
Using getParameters() method.
49. When do you use codebase in applet?-
When the applet class file is not in the same directory, codebase is used.
50. What is the lifecycle of an applet?-
init() method - Can be called when an applet is first loaded start() method - Can be called each time an applet is started. paint() method - Can be called when the applet is minimized or maximized. stop() method - Can be used when the browser moves off the applet’s page. destroy() method – Can be called when the browser is finished with the applet.
51. How do you set security in applets?-
using setSecurityManager() method
52. What is an event and what are the models available for event handling?-
An event is an event object that describes a state of change in a source. In other words, event occurs when an action is generated, like pressing button, clicking mouse, selecting a list, etc. There are two types of models for handling events and they are:
a) event-inheritance model and
b) event-delegation model
53. What are the advantages of the model over the event-inheritance model?-
The event-delegation model has two advantages over the event-inheritance model. They
are:
a)It enables event handling by objects other than the ones that generate the events. This allows a clean separation between a component’s design and its use.
b)It performs much better in applications where many events are generated. This performance improvement is due to the fact that the event-delegation model does not have to be repeatedly process unhandled events as is the case of the eventinheritance.
54. What is source and listener?-
source : A source is an object that generates an event. This occurs when the internal state of that object changes in some way. listener : A listener is an object that is notified when an event occurs. It has two major requirements. First, it must have been registered with one or more sources to receive notifications about specific types of events. Second, it must implement methods to receive and process these notifications.
55. What is adapter class?-
An adapter class provides an empty implementation of all methods in an event listener interface. Adapter classes are useful when you want to receive and process only some of the events that are handled by a particular event listener interface. You can define a new class to act listener by extending one of the adapter classes and implementing only those events in which you are interested. For example, the MouseMotionAdapter class has two methods, mouseDragged()and mouseMoved(). The signatures of these empty are exactly as defined in the MouseMotionListener interface. If you are interested in only mouse drag events, then you could simply extend MouseMotionAdapter and implement mouseDragged()
56. What is meant by controls and what are different types of controls in AWT?-
Controls are components that allow a user to interact with your application and the AWT supports the following types of controls: Labels, Push Buttons, Check Boxes, Choice Lists, Lists, Scrollbars, Text Components. These controls are subclasses of Component.
57. What is the difference between choice and list?-
A Choice is displayed in a compact form that requires you to pull it down to see the list of available choices and only one item may be selected from a choice. A List may be displayed in such away that several list items are visible and it supports the selection of one or more list items.
58. What is the difference between scrollbar and scrollpane?-
A Scrollbar is a Component, but not a Container whereas Scrollpane is a Conatiner and handles its own events and perform its own scrolling.
59. What is a layout manager and what are different types of layout managers
available in java AWT?-
A layout manager is an object that is used to organize components in a container. The different layouts are available are FlowLayout, BorderLayout, CardLayout, GridLayout and GridBagLayout.
60. How are the elements of different layouts organized?-
FlowLayout: The elements of a FlowLayout are organized in a top to bottom, left to right fashion. BorderLayout: The elements of a BorderLayout are organized at the borders (North,
South, East and West) and the center of a container. CardLayout: The elements of a CardLayout are stacked, on top of the other, like a deck of cards. GridLayout: The elements of a GridLayout are of equal size and are laid out using the square of a grid. GridBagLayout: The elements of a GridBagLayout are organized according to a grid. However, the elements are of different size and may occupy more than one row or column of the grid. In addition, the rows and columns may have different sizes.
61. Which containers use a Border layout as their default layout?-
Window, Frame and Dialog classes use a BorderLayout as their layout.
62. Which containers use a Flow layout as their default layout?-
Panel and Applet classes use the FlowLayout as their default layout.
63. What are wrapper classes?-
Wrapper classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed as objects.
64. What are Vector, Hashtable, LinkedList and Enumeration?-
Vector : The Vector class provides the capability to implement a growable array of objects.Hashtable : The Hashtable class implements a Hashtable data structure. A Hashtable indexes and stores objects in a dictionary using hash codes as the object’s keys.
Hash codes are integer values that identify objects. LinkedList: Removing or inserting elements in the middle of an array can be done using LinkedList. A LinkedList stores each object in a separate link whereas an array stores object references in consecutive locations. Enumeration: An object that implements the Enumeration interface generates a series of elements, one at a time. It has two methods, namely hasMoreElements() and nextElement(). HasMoreElemnts() tests if this enumeration has more elements and nextElement method returns successive elements of the series.
65. What is the difference between set and list?- Set stores elements in an unordered
way but does not contain duplicate elements, whereas list stores elements in an
ordered way but may contain duplicate elements.
66. What is a stream and what are the types of Streams and classes of the
Streams?- A Stream is an abstraction that either produces or consumes information.
There are two types of Streams and they are: Byte Streams: Provide a convenient
means for handling input and output of bytes. Character Streams: Provide a
convenient means for handling input & output of characters. Byte Streams classes:
Are defined by using two abstract classes, namely InputStream and OutputStream.
Character Streams classes: Are defined by using two abstract classes, namely
Reader and Writer.
67. What is the difference between Reader/Writer and InputStream/Output
Stream?- The Reader/Writer class is character-oriented and the
InputStream/OutputStream class is byte-oriented.
68. What is an I/O filter?- An I/O filter is an object that reads from one stream and
writes to another, usually altering the data in some way as it is passed from one
stream to another.
69. What is serialization and deserialization?- Serialization is the process of writing
the state of an object to a byte stream. Deserialization is the process of restoring
these objects.
70. What is JDBC?- JDBC is a set of Java API for executing SQL statements. This
API consists of a set of classes and interfaces to enable programs to write pure Java
Database applications.
71. What are drivers available?- a) JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver b) Native API Partly-
Java driver c) JDBC-Net Pure Java driver d) Native-Protocol Pure Java driver
72. What is the difference between JDBC and ODBC?- a) OBDC is for Microsoft
and JDBC is for Java applications. b) ODBC can’t be directly used with Java
because it uses a C interface. c) ODBC makes use of pointers which have been
removed totally from Java. d) ODBC mixes simple and advanced features together
and has complex options for simple queries. But JDBC is designed to keep things
simple while allowing advanced capabilities when required. e) ODBC requires
manual installation of the ODBC driver manager and driver on all client machines.
JDBC drivers are written in Java and JDBC code is automatically installable,
secure, and portable on all platforms. f) JDBC API is a natural Java interface and is
built on ODBC. JDBC retains some of the basic features of ODBC.
73. What are the types of JDBC Driver Models and explain them?- There are two
types of JDBC Driver Models and they are: a) Two tier model and b) Three tier
model Two tier model: In this model, Java applications interact directly with the
database. A JDBC driver is required to communicate with the particular database
management system that is being accessed. SQL statements are sent to the database
and the results are given to user. This model is referred to as client/server
configuration where user is the client and the machine that has the database is called
as the server. Three tier model: A middle tier is introduced in this model. The
functions of this model are: a) Collection of SQL statements from the client and
handing it over to the database, b) Receiving results from database to the client and
c) Maintaining control over accessing and updating of the above.
74. What are the steps involved for making a connection with a database or how
do you connect to a database?a) Loading the driver : To load the driver, Class.
forName() method is used. Class. forName(”sun. jdbc. odbc. JdbcOdbcDriver”);
When the driver is loaded, it registers itself with the java. sql. DriverManager class
as an available database driver. b) Making a connection with database: To open a
connection to a given database, DriverManager. getConnection() method is used.
Connection con = DriverManager. getConnection (”jdbc:odbc:somedb”, “user”,
“password”); c) Executing SQL statements : To execute a SQL query, java. sql.
statements class is used. createStatement() method of Connection to obtain a new
Statement object. Statement stmt = con. createStatement(); A query that returns data
can be executed using the executeQuery() method of Statement. This method
executes the statement and returns a java. sql. ResultSet that encapsulates the
retrieved data: ResultSet rs = stmt. executeQuery(”SELECT * FROM some table”);
d) Process the results : ResultSet returns one row at a time. Next() method of
ResultSet object can be called to move to the next row. The getString() and
getObject() methods are used for retrieving column values: while(rs. next()) { String
event = rs. getString(”event”); Object count = (Integer) rs. getObject(”count”);
75. What type of driver did you use in project?- JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver (is a
driver that uses native(C language) libraries and makes calls to an existing ODBC
driver to access a database engine).
76. What are the types of statements in JDBC?- Statement: to be used
createStatement() method for executing single SQL statement PreparedStatement —
To be used preparedStatement() method for executing same SQL statement over
and over. CallableStatement — To be used prepareCall() method for multiple SQL
statements over and over.
77. What is stored procedure?- Stored procedure is a group of SQL statements that
forms a logical unit and performs a particular task. Stored Procedures are used to
encapsulate a set of operations or queries to execute on database. Stored procedures
can be compiled and executed with different parameters and results and may have
any combination of input/output parameters.
78. How to create and call stored procedures?- To create stored procedures: Create
procedure procedurename (specify in, out and in out parameters) BEGIN Any
multiple SQL statement; END; To call stored procedures: CallableStatement csmt =
con. prepareCall(”{call procedure name(?,?)}”); csmt. registerOutParameter(column
no. , data type); csmt. setInt(column no. , column name) csmt. execute();
79. What is servlet?- Servlets are modules that extend request/response-oriented
servers, such as java-enabled web servers. For example, a servlet might be
responsible for taking data in an HTML order-entry form and applying the business
logic used to update a company’s order database.
80. What are the classes and interfaces for servlets?- There are two packages in
servlets and they are javax. servlet and
81. What is the difference between an applet and a servlet?- a) Servlets are to
servers what applets are to browsers. b) Applets must have graphical user interfaces
whereas servlets have no graphical user interfaces.
82. What is the difference between doPost and doGet methods?- a) doGet() method
is used to get information, while doPost() method is used for posting information. b)
doGet() requests can’t send large amount of information and is limited to 240-255
characters. However, doPost()requests passes all of its data, of unlimited length. c)
A doGet() request is appended to the request URL in a query string and this allows
the exchange is visible to the client, whereas a doPost() request passes directly over
the socket connection as part of its HTTP request body and the exchange are
invisible to the client.
83. What is the life cycle of a servlet?- Each Servlet has the same life cycle: a) A
server loads and initializes the servlet by init () method. b) The servlet handles zero
or more client’s requests through service() method. c) The server removes the
servlet through destroy() method.
84. Who is loading the init() method of servlet?- Web server
85. What are the different servers available for developing and deploying
Servlets?- a) Java Web Server b) JRun g) Apache Server h) Netscape Information
Server i) Web Logic
86. How many ways can we track client and what are they?- The servlet API
provides two ways to track client state and they are: a) Using Session tracking and
b) Using Cookies.
87. What is session tracking and how do you track a user session in servlets?-
Session tracking is a mechanism that servlets use to maintain state about a series
requests from the same user across some period of time. The methods used for
session tracking are: a) User Authentication - occurs when a web server restricts
access to some of its resources to only those clients that log in using a recognized
username and password. b) Hidden form fields - fields are added to an HTML form
that are not displayed in the client’s browser. When the form containing the fields is
submitted, the fields are sent back to the server. c) URL rewriting - every URL that
the user clicks on is dynamically modified or rewritten to include extra information.
The extra information can be in the form of extra path information, added
parameters or some custom, server-specific URL change. d) Cookies - a bit of
information that is sent by a web server to a browser and which can later be read
back from that browser. e) HttpSession- places a limit on the number of sessions
that can exist in memory. This limit is set in the session. maxresidents property.
88. What is Server-Side Includes (SSI)?- Server-Side Includes allows embedding
servlets within HTML pages using a special servlet tag. In many servlets that
support servlets, a page can be processed by the server to include output from
servlets at certain points inside the HTML page. This is accomplished using a
special internal SSINCLUDE, which processes the servlet tags. SSINCLUDE
servlet will be invoked whenever a file with an. shtml extension is requested. So
HTML files that include server-side includes must be stored with an . shtml
extension.
89. What are cookies and how will you use them?- Cookies are a mechanism that a
servlet uses to have a client hold a small amount of state-information associated
with the user. a) Create a cookie with the Cookie constructor: public Cookie(String
name, String value) b) A servlet can send a cookie to the client by passing a Cookie
object to the addCookie() method of HttpServletResponse: public void
HttpServletResponse. addCookie(Cookie cookie) c) A servlet retrieves cookies by
calling the getCookies() method of HttpServletRequest: public Cookie[ ]
HttpServletRequest. getCookie().
90. Is it possible to communicate from an applet to servlet and how many ways and
how?- Yes, there are three ways to communicate from an applet to servlet and they
are: a) HTTP Communication(Text-based and object-based) b) Socket
Communication c) RMI Communication
91. What is connection pooling?- With servlets, opening a database connection is a
major bottleneck because we are creating and tearing down a new connection for
every page request and the time taken to create connection will be more. Creating a
connection pool is an ideal approach for a complicated servlet. With a connection
pool, we can duplicate only the resources we need to duplicate rather than the entire
servlet. A connection pool can also intelligently manage the size of the pool and
make sure each connection remains valid. A number of connection pool packages
are currently available. Some like DbConnectionBroker are freely available from
Java Exchange Works by creating an object that dispenses connections and
connection Ids on request. The ConnectionPool class maintains a Hastable, using
Connection objects as keys and Boolean values as stored values. The Boolean value
indicates whether a connection is in use or not. A program calls getConnection()
method of the ConnectionPool for getting Connection object it can use; it calls
returnConnection() to give the connection back to the pool.
92. Why should we go for interservlet communication?- Servlets running together in
the same server communicate with each other in several ways. The three major
reasons to use interservlet communication are: a) Direct servlet manipulation -
allows to gain access to the other currently loaded servlets and perform certain tasks
(through the ServletContext object) b) Servlet reuse - allows the servlet to reuse the
public methods of another servlet. c) Servlet collaboration - requires to
communicate with each other by sharing specific information (through method
invocation)
93. Is it possible to call servlet with parameters in the URL?- Yes. You can call a
servlet with parameters in the syntax as (?Param1 = xxx || m2 = yyy).
94. What is Servlet chaining?- Servlet chaining is a technique in which two or more
servlets can cooperate in servicing a single request. In servlet chaining, one servlet’s
output is piped to the next servlet’s input. This process continues until the last
servlet is reached. Its output is then sent back to the client.
95. How do servlets handle multiple simultaneous requests?- The server has
multiple threads that are available to handle requests. When a request comes in, it is
assigned to a thread, which calls a service method (for example: doGet(), doPost()
and service()) of the servlet. For this reason, a single servlet object can have its
service methods called by many threads at once.
96. What is the difference between TCP/IP and UDP?- TCP/IP is a two-way
communication between the client and the server and it is a reliable and there is a
confirmation regarding reaching the message to the destination. It is like a phone
call. UDP is a one-way communication only between the client and the server and it
is not a reliable and there is no confirmation regarding reaching the message to the
destination. It is like a postal mail.
97. What is Inet address?- Every computer connected to a network has an IP address.
An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer on the Net. An IP
address is a 32-bit number.
98.What is Domain Naming Service(DNS)?- It is very difficult to remember a set of
numbers(IP address) to connect to the Internet. The Domain Naming Service(DNS)
is used to overcome this problem. It maps one particular IP address to a string of
characters. For example, www. mascom. com implies com is the domain name
reserved for US commercial sites, moscom is the name of the company and www is
the name of the specific computer, which is mascom’s server.
99. What is URL?- URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator and it points to resource
files on the Internet. URL has four components: http://www. address.
com:80/index.html, where http - protocol name, address - IP address or host name,
80 - port number and index.html - file path.
100. What is RMI and steps involved in developing an RMI object?- Remote
Method Invocation (RMI) allows java object that executes on one machine and to
invoke the method of a Java object to execute on another machine. The steps
involved in developing an RMI object are: a) Define the interfaces b) Implementing
these interfaces c) Compile the interfaces and their implementations with the java
compiler d) Compile the server implementation with RMI compiler e) Run the RMI
registry f) Run the application
101. What is RMI architecture?- RMI architecture consists of four layers and
each layer performs specific functions: a) Application layer - contains the actual
object definition. b) Proxy layer - consists of stub and skeleton. c) Remote
Reference layer - gets the stream of bytes from the transport layer and sends it to the
proxy layer. d) Transportation layer - responsible for handling the actual machineto-
machine communication.
102. what is UnicastRemoteObject?- All remote objects must extend
UnicastRemoteObject, which provides functionality that is needed to make objects
available from remote machines.
103. Explain the methods, rebind() and lookup() in Naming class?- rebind()
of the Naming class(found in java. rmi) is used to update the RMI registry on the
server machine. Naming. rebind(”AddSever”, AddServerImpl); lookup() of the
Naming class accepts one argument, the rmi URL and returns a reference to an
object of type AddServerImpl.
104. What is a Java Bean?- A Java Bean is a software component that has been
designed to be reusable in a variety of different environments.
105. What is a Jar file?- Jar file allows to efficiently deploying a set of classes
and their associated resources. The elements in a jar file are compressed, which
makes downloading a Jar file much faster than separately downloading several
uncompressed files. The package java. util. zip contains classes that read and write
jar files.
106. What is BDK?- BDK, Bean Development Kit is a tool that enables to
create, configure and connect a set of set of Beans and it can be used to test Beans
without writing a code.
107. What is JSP?- JSP is a dynamic scripting capability for web pages that
allows Java as well as a few special tags to be embedded into a web file
(HTML/XML, etc). The suffix traditionally ends with .jsp to indicate to the web
server that the file is a JSP files. JSP is a server side technology - you can’t do any
client side validation with it. The advantages are: a) The JSP assists in making the
HTML more functional. Servlets on the other hand allow outputting of HTML but it
is a tedious process. b) It is easy to make a change and then let the JSP capability of
the web server you are using deal with compiling it into a servlet and running it.
108. What are JSP scripting elements?- JSP scripting elements lets to insert
Java code into the servlet that will be generated from the current JSP page. There
are three forms: a) Expressions of the form <%= expression %> that are evaluated
and inserted into the output, b) Scriptlets of the formthat are inserted into the
servlet’s service method, and c) Declarations of the form <%! Code %>that are
inserted into the body of the servlet class, outside of any existing methods.
109. What are JSP Directives?- A JSP directive affects the overall structure of
the servlet class. It usually has the following form:<%@ directive attribute=”value”
%> However, you can also combine multiple attribute settings for a single directive,
as follows:<%@ directive attribute1=”value1″ attribute 2=”value2″ . . . attributeN
=”valueN” %> There are two main types of directive: page, which lets to do things
like import classes, customize the servlet superclass, and the like; and include,
which lets to insert a file into the servlet class at the time the JSP file is translated
into a servlet
110. What are Predefined variables or implicit objects?- To simplify code in
JSP expressions and scriptlets, we can use eight automatically defined variables,
sometimes called implicit objects. They are request, response, out, session,
application, config, pageContext, and page.
111. What are JSP ACTIONS?- JSP actions use constructs in XML syntax to
control the behavior of the servlet engine. You can dynamically insert a file, reuse
JavaBeans components, forward the user to another page, or generate HTML for the
Java plugin. Available actions include: jsp:include - Include a file at the time the
page is requested. jsp:useBean - Find or instantiate a JavaBean. jsp:setProperty - Set
the property of a JavaBean. jsp:getProperty - Insert the property of a JavaBean into
the output. jsp:forward - Forward the requester to a newpage. Jsp: plugin - Generate
browser-specific code that makes an OBJECT or EMBED
112. How do you pass data (including JavaBeans) to a JSP from a servlet?-
(1) Request Lifetime: Using this technique to pass beans, a request dispatcher (using
either “include” or forward”) can be called. This bean will disappear after
processing this request has been completed. Servlet: request.
setAttribute(”theBean”, myBean); RequestDispatcher rd = getServletContext().
getRequestDispatcher(”thepage. jsp”); rd. forward(request, response); JSP
PAGE:<jsp: useBean id=”theBean” scope=”request” class=”. . . . . ” />(2) Session
Lifetime: Using this technique to pass beans that are relevant to a particular session
(such as in individual user login) over a number of requests. This bean will
disappear when the session is invalidated or it times out, or when you remove it.
Servlet: HttpSession session = request. getSession(true); session.
putValue(”theBean”, myBean); /* You can do a request dispatcher here, or just let
the bean be visible on the next request */ JSP Page:<jsp:useBean id=”theBean”
scope=”session” class=”. . . ” /> 3) Application Lifetime: Using this technique to
pass beans that are relevant to all servlets and JSP pages in a particular app, for all
users. For example, I use this to make a JDBC connection pool object available to
the various servlets and JSP pages in my apps. This bean will disappear when the
servlet engine is shut down, or when you remove it. Servlet: GetServletContext().
setAttribute(”theBean”, myBean); JSP PAGE:<jsp:useBean id=”theBean”
scope=”application” class=”. . . ” />
113. How can I set a cookie in JSP?- response. setHeader(”Set-Cookie”,
“cookie string”); To give the response-object to a bean, write a method setResponse
(HttpServletResponse response) - to the bean, and in jsp-file:<% bean. setResponse
(response); %>
114. How can I delete a cookie with JSP?- Say that I have a cookie called “foo,
” that I set a while ago & I want it to go away. I simply: <% Cookie killCookie =
new Cookie(”foo”, null); KillCookie. setPath(”/”); killCookie. setMaxAge(0);
response. addCookie(killCookie); %>
115. How are Servlets and JSP Pages related?- JSP pages are focused around
HTML (or XML) with Java codes and JSP tags inside them. When a web server that
has JSP support is asked for a JSP page, it checks to see if it has already compiled
the page into a servlet. Thus, JSP pages become servlets and are transformed into
pure Java and then compiled, loaded into the server and executed.
Serlets
What is the difference between application server and web server?
An web server is responsible for handling HttpRequests whereas appliation server is
responsible for handling business logics. app server has inbuilt features like load balancing,
clusters, caches and resource & connection pooling etc. Using application server we can
develop reusable components. Application server is a super set of web server.
web server is used for executing JSP and servlets. application server is used for executing
EJB related components
Difference between throw and throws :
throw -- to explicitly throw an exception
throws --- means that exception will be handled by the called method.
1. Difference between HashTable and hashMap ?
---------------------------------------------
Both provide key-value access to data. The Hashtable is one of the original
collection classes in Java. HashMap is part of the new Collections Framework, added with
Java 2, v1.2. The key difference between the two is that access to the Hashtable is
synchronized on the table while access to the HashMap isn't. You can add it, but it isn't
there by default. Another difference is that iterator in the HashMap is fail-safe while the
enumerator for the Hashtable isn't. If you change the map while iterating, you'll know. And,
a third difference is that HashMap permits null values in it, while Hashtable doesn't. For
new code,we can use HashMap.
2.What is the diffrence between Array,Vector,ArryList,LinkedList and HashTable
with HashMap with example and situation?
Once u create an array (of any type) u can't change the array size at dynamically. it
is not synchronized. U can view a Vector as a dynamic array. U can resize the vector at
runtime. u can add/remove element in a vector at runtime. it is synchronized. An ArrayList
is a class which implements the List interface. This again is resizable and u hav all the
functionalities of a list. it is not synchronized. Note : u can hav duplicates in ArrayList. A
LinkedList is an implementation of the calssical 'C' linked list. U can get, remove or insert
elements. HashTable is basically a key-value pair collection. Key has to be unique. U can
do get and put. HashMap is implementation of Map interface. U can hav null key or null
value. Use when u require constant time performance.
3.What is the difference between servlet & CGI?
-----------------------------------------------
For each HTTP request, CGI will start a new process. whereas in servlet, init()
method will be called, only when first HTTP request came. for subsequent request an
thread is created.
4.What is the difference between the Serlvet single threaded model and multi
threaded model?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Typically, a servlet class is instantiated the first time it is invoked. The same
instance will be used over several client requests, so all members that are declared in that
servlet are shared accross clients. That is what is meant by multi threaded model, multiple
clients that access the same instance.
There are situations where you want to protect your servlet member variables from
being modified by different clients. In this case, you can have your servlet implement the
marker interface SingleThreadModel. Every time a client makes a request to a servlet that
implements this interface, the engine will create a new instance of the servlet. For
performance reasons, the engine can also maintain a instance pool, handing out instances as
they are needed. Or it could also serialize client requests, executing one after another.
5. How to read environment variables from a Servlet?
A:ServletConfig.getParameter(String param_name)
Q: What is the difference between an Interface and an Abstract class?
A: An Abstract class declares have at least one instance method that is declared abstract
which will be implemented by the subclasses. An abstract class can have instance methods
that implement a default behavior. An Interface can only declare constants and instance
methods, but cannot implement default behavior.
All memeber variable of an interface is "public static final"
Q: What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java, and when is it used?
A: The purpose of garbage collection is to identify and discard objects that are no longer
needed by a program so that their resources can be reclaimed and reused. A Java object is
subject to garbage collection when it becomes unreachable to the program in which it is
used.
Q: Describe synchronization in respect to multithreading.
A: With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of
multiple threads to shared resources. Without synchonization, it is possible for one thread
to modify a shared variable while another thread is in the process of using or updating same
shared variable. This usually leads to significant errors.
Q: Explain different way of using thread?
A: The thread could be implemented by using runnable interface or by inheriting from the
Thread class. The former is more advantageous, 'cause when you are going for multiple
inheritance..the only interface can help.
Q: What are pass by reference and passby value?
A: Pass By Reference means the passing the address itself rather than passing the value.
Passby Value means passing a copy of the value to be passed.
Q: What is HashMap and Map?
A: Map is Interface and Hashmap is class that implements that.
Q: Difference between HashMap and HashTable?
A: The HashMap class is roughly equivalent to Hashtable, except that it is unsynchronized
and permits nulls. (HashMap allows null values as key and value whereas Hashtable doesnt
allow). HashMap does not guarantee that the order of the map will remain constant over
time. HashMap is non synchronized and Hashtable is synchronized.
Q: Difference between Vector and ArrayList?
A: Vector is synchronized whereas arraylist is not.
Q: Difference between Swing and Awt?
A: AWT are heavy-weight componenets. Swings are light-weight components. Hence
swing works faster than AWT.
Q: What is the difference between a constructor and a method?
A: A constructor is a member function of a class that is used to create objects of that class.
It has the same name as the class itself, has no return type, and is invoked using the new
operator.
A method is an ordinary member function of a class. It has its own name, a return type
(which may be void), and is invoked using the dot operator.
Q: What is an Iterators?
A: Some of the collection classes provide traversal of their contents via a java.util.Iterator
interface. This interface allows you to walk a collection of objects, operating on each object
in turn. Remember when using Iterators that they contain a snapshot of the collection at the
time the Iterator was obtained; generally it is not advisable to modify the collection itself
while traversing an Iterator.
Q: What is an abstract class?
A: Abstract class must be extended/subclassed (to be useful). It serves as a template. A
class that is abstract may not be instantiated (ie, you may not call its constructor), abstract
class may contain static data. Any class with an abstract method is automatically abstract
itself, and must be declared as such.
A class may be declared abstract even if it has no abstract methods. This prevents it from
being instantiated.
Q: What is static in java?
A: Static means one per class, not one for each object no matter how many instance of a
class might exist. This means that you can use them without creating an instance of a
class.Static methods are implicitly final, because overriding is done based on the type of the
object, and static methods are attached to a class, not an object. A static method in a
superclass can be shadowed by another static method in a subclass, as long as the original
method was not declared final. However, you can't override a static method with a nonstatic
method. In other words, you can't change a static method into an instance method in a
subclass.
Q: What is final?
A: A final class can't be extended ie., final class may not be subclassed. A final method
can't be overridden when its class is inherited. You can't change value of a final variable (is
a constant).
Q: What if the main method is declared as private?
A: The program compiles properly but at runtime it will give "Main method not public."
message.
Q: What if the static modifier is removed from the signature of the main method?
A: Program compiles. But at runtime throws an error "NoSuchMethodError".
Q: What if I write static public void instead of public static void?
A: Program compiles and runs properly.
Q: What if I do not provide the String array as the argument to the method?
A: Program compiles but throws a runtime error "NoSuchMethodError".
Q: What is the first argument of the String array in main method?
A: The String array is empty. It does not have any element. This is unlike C/C++ where the
first element by default is the program name.
Q: If I do not provide any arguments on the command line, then the String array of
Main method will be empty of null?
A: It is empty. But not null.
Q: How can one prove that the array is not null but empty?
A: Print args.length. It will print 0. That means it is empty. But if it would have been null
then it would have thrown a NullPointerException on attempting to print args.length.
Q: What environment variables do I need to set on my machine in order to be able to
run Java programs?
A: CLASSPATH and PATH are the two variables.
Q: Can an application have multiple classes having main method?
A: Yes it is possible. While starting the application we mention the class name to be run.
The JVM will look for the Main method only in the class whose name you have mentioned.
Hence there is not conflict amongst the multiple classes having main method.
Q: Can I have multiple main methods in the same class?
A: No the program fails to compile. The compiler says that the main method is already
defined in the class.
Q: Do I need to import java.lang package any time? Why ?
A: No. It is by default loaded internally by the JVM.
Q: Can I import same package/class twice? Will the JVM load the package twice at
runtime?
A: One can import the same package or same class multiple times. Neither compiler nor
JVM complains abt it. And the JVM will internally load the class only once no matter how
many times you import the same class.
Q: What are Checked and UnChecked Exception?
A: A checked exception is some subclass of Exception (or Exception itself), excluding
class RuntimeException and its subclasses.
Making an exception checked forces client programmers to deal with the possibility that the
exception will be thrown. eg, IOException thrown by java.io.FileInputStream's read()
method·
Unchecked exceptions are RuntimeException and any of its subclasses. Class Error and its
subclasses also are unchecked. With an unchecked exception, however, the compiler
doesn't force client programmers either to catch the
exception or declare it in a throws clause. In fact, client programmers may not even know
that the exception could be thrown. eg, StringIndexOutOfBoundsException thrown by
String's charAt() method· Checked exceptions must be caught at compile time. Runtime
exceptions do not need to be. Errors often cannot be.
Q: What is Overriding?
A: When a class defines a method using the same name, return type, and arguments as a
method in its superclass, the method in the class overrides the method in the superclass.
When the method is invoked for an object of the class, it is the new definition of the
method that is called, and not the method definition from superclass. Methods may be
overridden to be more public, not more private.
Q: What are different types of inner classes?
A: Nested top-level classes, Member classes, Local classes, Anonymous classes
Nested top-level classes- If you declare a class within a class and specify the static
modifier, the compiler treats the class just like any other top-level class.
Any class outside the declaring class accesses the nested class with the declaring class
name acting similarly to a package. eg, outer.inner. Top-level inner classes implicitly have
access only to static variables.There can also be inner interfaces. All of these are of the
nested top-level variety.
Member classes - Member inner classes are just like other member methods and member
variables and access to the member class is restricted, just like methods and variables. This
means a public member class acts similarly to a nested top-level class. The primary
difference between member classes and nested top-level classes is that member classes
have access to the specific instance of the enclosing class.
Local classes - Local classes are like local variables, specific to a block of code. Their
visibility is only within the block of their declaration. In order for the class to be useful
beyond the declaration block, it would need to implement a
more publicly available interface.Because local classes are not members, the modifiers
public, protected, private, and static are not usable.
Anonymous classes - Anonymous inner classes extend local inner classes one level further.
As anonymous classes have no name, you cannot provide a constructor.
Q: What is the difference between declaring a variable and defining a variable?
A: In declaration we just mention the type of the variable and it's name. We do not initialize
it. But defining means declaration + initialization.
e.g String s; is just a declaration while String s = new String ("abcd"); Or String s = "abcd";
are both definitions.
Q: What is the default value of an object reference declared as an instance variable?
A: null unless we define it explicitly.
Q: What type of parameter passing does Java support?
A: Java supports both pass by value as well as pass by reference.
Q: Primitive data types are passed by reference or pass by value?
A: Primitive data types are passed by value.
Q: Objects are passed by value or by reference?
A: Objects are always passed by reference. Thus any modifications done to an object inside
the called method will always reflect in the caller method.
Q: What is serialization?
A: Serialization is a mechanism by which you can save the state of an object by converting
it to a byte stream.
Q: Which methods of Serializable interface should I implement?
A: The serializable interface is an empty interface, it does not contain any methods. So
we do not implement any methods.
Q: What is the common usage of serialization?
A: Whenever an object is to be sent over the network, objects need to be serialized.
Moreover if the state of an object is to be saved, objects need to be serilazed.
Q: What is Externalizable interface?
A: Externalizable is an interface which contains two methods readExternal and
writeExternal. These methods give you a control over the serialization mechanism. Thus if
your class implements this interface, you can customize the serialization process by
implementing these methods.
Q: What happens to the object references included in the object?
A: The serialization mechanism generates an object graph for serialization. Thus it
determines whether the included object references are serializable or not. This is a recursive
process. Thus when an object is serialized, all the included objects are also serialized
alongwith the original object.
Q: What one should take care of while serializing the object?
A: One should make sure that all the included objects are also serializable. If any of the
objects is not serializable then it throws a NotSerializableException.
Q: What happens to the static fields of a class during serialization? Are these fields
serialized as a part of each serialized object?
A: Yes the static fields do get serialized. If the static field is an object then it must have
implemented Serializable interface. The static fields are serialized as a part of every object.
But the commonness of the static fields across all the instances is maintained even after
serialization.
Q: Does Java provide any construct to find out the size of an object?
A: No there is not sizeof operator in Java. So there is not direct way to determine the size of
an object directly in Java.
[ Received from Sandesh Sadhale] TOP
Q: What are wrapper classes?
A: Java provides specialized classes corresponding to each of the primitive data types.
These are called wrapper classes. They are e.g. Integer, Character, Double etc.
Q: Why do we need wrapper classes?
A: It is sometimes easier to deal with primitives as objects. Moreover most of the collection
classes store objects and not primitive data types. And also the wrapper classes provide
many utility methods also. Because of these resons we need wrapper classes. And since we
create instances of these classes we can store them in any of the collection classes and pass
them around as a collection. Also we can pass them around as method parameters where a
method expects an object.
Q: What are checked exceptions?
A: Checked exception are those which the Java compiler forces you to catch. e.g.
IOException are checked Exceptions.
Q: What are runtime exceptions?
A: Runtime exceptions are those exceptions that are thrown at runtime because of either
wrong input data or because of wrong business logic etc. These are not checked by the
compiler at compile time.
Q: What is the difference between error and an exception?
A: An error is an irrecoverable condition occurring at runtime. Such as OutOfMemory
error. These JVM errors and you can not repair them at runtime. While exceptions are
conditions that occur because of bad input etc. e.g. FileNotFoundException will be thrown
if the specified file does not exist. Or a NullPointerException will take place if you try
using a null reference. In most of the cases it is possible to recover from an exception
(probably by giving user a feedback for entering proper values etc.).
Q: How to create custom exceptions?
A: Your class should extend class Exception, or some more specific type thereof.
Q: What happens to an unhandled exception?
A: One can not do anytihng in this scenarion. Because Java does not allow multiple
inheritance and does not provide any exception interface as well.
Q: How does an exception permeate through the code?
A: An unhandled exception moves up the method stack in search of a matching When an
exception is thrown from a code which is wrapped in a try block followed by one or more
catch blocks, a search is made for matching catch block. If a matching type is found then
that block will be invoked. If a matching type is not found then the exception moves up the
method stack and reaches the caller method. Same procedure is repeated if the caller
method is included in a try catch block. This process continues until a catch block handling
the appropriate type of exception is found. If it does not find such a block then finally the
program terminates.
Q: What are the different ways to handle exceptions?
A: There are two ways to handle exceptions,
1. By wrapping the desired code in a try block followed by a catch block to catch the
exceptions. and
2. List the desired exceptions in the throws clause of the method and let the caller of the
method hadle those exceptions.
1. How can you achieve Multiple Inheritance in Java?
Java's interface mechanism can be used to implement multiple inheritance, with one
important difference
from c++ way of doing MI: the inherited interfaces must be abstract. This obviates the need
to choose
between different implementations, as with interfaces there are no implementations.
3. Searching a String
String string = "aString";
// First occurrence.
int index = string.indexOf('S'); // 1
// Last occurrence.
index = string.lastIndexOf('i'); // 4
// Not found.
index = string.lastIndexOf('z'); // -1
4. Connecting to a Database and Strings Handling
Constructing a String
If you are constructing a string with several appends, it may be more efficient to construct it
using a
StringBuffer and then convert it to an immutable String object.
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer("Initial Text");
// Modify
int index = 1;
buf.insert(index, "abc");
buf.append("def");
// Convert to string
String s = buf.toString();
Getting a Substring from a String
int start = 1;
int end = 4;
String substr = "aString".substring(start, end); // Str
5. What is a transient variable?
A transient variable is a variable that may not be serialized. If you don't want some field not
to be serialized,
you can mark that field transient or static.
6. What is the difference between Serializalble and Externalizable interface?
When you use Serializable interface, your class is serialized automatically by default. But
you can override
writeObject() and readObject()two methods to control more complex object serailization
process. When you
use Externalizable interface, you have a complete control over your class's serialization
process.
7. How many methods in the Externalizable interface?
There are two methods in the Externalizable interface. You have to implement these two
methods in order
to make your class externalizable. These two methods are readExternal() and
writeExternal().
8. How many methods in the Serializable interface?
There is no method in the Serializable interface. The Serializable interface acts as a marker,
telling the
object serialization tools that your class is serializable.
9. How to make a class or a bean serializable?
By implementing either the java.io.Serializable interface, or the java.io.Externalizable
interface. As long as
one class in a class's inheritance hierarchy implements Serializable or Externalizable, that
class is
serializable.
10. What is the serialization?
The serialization is a kind of mechanism that makes a class or a bean persistence by having
its properties
or fields and state information saved and restored to and from storage.
11. What are synchronized methods and synchronized statements?
Synchronized methods are methods that are used to control access to an object. A thread
only executes a
synchronized method after it has acquired the lock for the method's object or class.
Synchronized
statements are similar to synchronized methods. A synchronized statement can only be
executed after a
thread has acquired the lock for the object or class referenced in the synchronized
statement.
12. What is synchronization and why is it important?
With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of
multiple threads to
shared resources. Without synchronization, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared
object while
another thread is in the process of using or updating that object's value. This often causes
dirty data and
leads to significant errors.
13. What is the purpose of finalization?
The purpose of finalization is to give an unreachable object the opportunity to perform any
cleanup
processing before the object is garbage collected.
14. What classes of exceptions may be caught by a catch clause?
A catch clause can catch any exception that may be assigned to the Throwable type. This
includes the
Error and Exception types.
15. What is the difference between the Reader/Writer class hierarchy and the
InputStream/OutputStream
class hierarchy?
The Reader/Writer class hierarchy is character-oriented, and the InputStream/OutputStream
class hierarchy
is byte-oriented.
16. What happens when a thread cannot acquire a lock on an object?
If a thread attempts to execute a synchronized method or synchronized statement and is
unable to acquire
an object's lock, it enters the waiting state until the lock becomes available.
17. What restrictions are placed on method overriding?
Overridden methods must have the same name, argument list, and return type. The
overriding method may
not limit the access of the method it overrides. The overriding method may not throw any
exceptions that
may not be thrown by the overridden method.
18. What restrictions are placed on method overloading?
Two methods may not have the same name and argument list but different return types.
19. How does multithreading take place on a computer with a single CPU?
Java Interview Questions – Subscribe to FREE & Exclusive career resources at
The operating system's task scheduler allocates execution time to multiple tasks. By quickly
switching
between executing tasks, it creates the impression that tasks execute sequentially.
20. How is it possible for two String objects with identical values not to be equal under
the == operator?
The == operator compares two objects to determine if they are the same object in memory.
It is possible for
two String objects to have the same value, but located indifferent areas of memory.
21. How are this() and super() used with constructors?
this() is used to invoke a constructor of the same class. super() is used to invoke a
superclass constructor.
22. What class allows you to read objects directly from a stream?
The ObjectInputStream class supports the reading of objects from input streams.
23. What is the ResourceBundle class?
The ResourceBundle class is used to store locale-specific resources that can be loaded by a
program to
tailor the program's appearance to the particular locale in which it is being run.
24. What interface must an object implement before it can be written to a stream as
an object?
An object must implement the Serializable or Externalizable interface before it can be
written to a stream as
an object.
25. What is Serialization and deserialization?
Serialization is the process of writing the state of an object to a byte stream. Deserialization
is the process
of restoring these objects.
26. What are the Object and Class classes used for?
The Object class is the highest-level class in the Java class hierarchy. The Class class is
used to represent
the classes and interfaces that are loaded by a Java program.
27. Can you write Java code for declaration of multiple inheritance in Java ?
Class C extends A implements B
{
}
28. What do you mean by multiple inheritance in C++ ?
Java Interview Questions
Multiple inheritance is a feature in C++ by which one class can be of different types. Say
class
teachingAssistant is inherited from two classes say teacher and Student.
29. Write the Java code to declare any constant (say gravitational constant) and to get
its value.
Class ABC
{
static final float GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT = 9.8;
public void getConstant()
{
system.out.println("Gravitational_Constant: " + GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT);
}
}
30. What are the disadvantages of using threads?
DeadLock.
31. Given two tables Student(SID, Name, Course) and Level(SID, level) write the SQL
statement to get the
name and SID of the student who are taking course = 3
and at freshman level.
SELECT Student.name, Student.SID
FROM Student, Level
WHERE Student.SID = Level.SID
AND Level.Level = "freshman"
AND Student.Course = 3;
32. What do you mean by virtual methods?
virtual methods are used to use the polymorhism feature in C++. Say class A is inherited
from class B. If we
declare say fuction f() as virtual in class B and override the same function in class A then at
runtime
appropriate method of the class will be called depending upon the type of the object.
33. What do you mean by static methods?
By using the static method there is no need creating an object of that class to use that
method. We can
directly call that method on that class. For example, say class A has static function f(), then
we can call f()
function as A.f(). There is no need of creating an object of class A.
34. What do mean by polymorphism, inheritance, encapsulation?
Polymorhism: is a feature of OOPl that at run time depending upon the type of object the
appropriate
method is called.
Inheritance: is a feature of OOPL that represents the "is a" relationship between different
objects(classes).
Say in real life a manager is a employee. So in OOPL manger class is inherited from the
employee class.
Encapsulation: is a feature of OOPL that is used to hide the information.
35. What are the advantages of OOPL?
Object oriented programming languages directly represent the real life objects. The features
of OOPL as
inhreitance, polymorphism, encapsulation makes it powerful.
36. How many methods do u implement if implement the Serializable Interface?
The Serializable interface is just a "marker" interface, with no methods of its own to
implement.
37. Are there any other 'marker' interfaces?
java.rmi.Remote
java.util.EventListener
38. What is the difference between instanceof and isInstance?
instanceof is used to check to see if an object can be cast into a specified type without
throwing a cast class
exception. isInstance() determines if the specified object is assignment-compatible with the
object
represented by this Class. This method is the dynamic equivalent of the Java language
instanceof operator.
The method returns true if the specified Object argument is nonnull and can be cast to the
reference type
represented by this Class object without raising a ClassCastException. It returns false
otherwise.
39. why do you create interfaces, and when MUST you use one?
You would create interfaces when you have two or more functionalities talking to each
other. Doing it this
way help you in creating a protocol between the parties involved.
40. What's the difference between the == operator and the equals() method? What test
does Object.equals()
use, and why?
The == operator would be used, in an object sense, to see if the two objects were actually
the same object.
This operator looks at the actually memory address to see if it actually the same object. The
equals()
method is used to compare the values of the object respectively. This is used in a higher
level to see if the
object values are equal.
Of course the the equals() method would be overloaded in a meaningful way for whatever
object that you
were working with.
}
42. Given a text file, input.txt, provide the statement required to open this file with the
appropriate I/O
stream to be able to read and process this file.
43. Name four methods every Java class will have.
public String toString();
public Object clone();
public boolean equals();
public int hashCode();
44. What does the "abstract" keyword mean in front of a method? A class?
Abstract keyword declares either a method or a class. If a method has a abstract keyword in
front of it, it is
called abstract method.Abstract method has no body. It has only arguments and return type.
Abstract
methods act as placeholder methods that are implemented in the subclasses. Abstract
classes can't be
instantiated.If a class is declared as abstract,no objects of that class can be created.If a class
contains any
abstract method it must be declared as abstract.
45. Does Java have destructors?
No garbage collector does the job working in the background
46. Are constructors inherited? Can a subclass call the parent's class constructor?
When?
You cannot inherit a constructor. That is, you cannot create a instance of a subclass using a
constructor of
one of it's superclasses. One of the main reasons is because you probably don't want to
overide the
superclasses constructor, which would be possible if they were inherited. By giving the
developer the ability
to override a superclasses constructor you would erode the encapsulation abilities of the
language.
49. Does Java have "goto"? No
50. What does the "final" keyword mean in front of a variable? A method? A class?
FINAL for a variable : value is constant
FINAL for a method : cannot be overridden
FINAL for a class : cannot be derived
.
Reference Books
1. Web Programming, building Internet applications, Chris Bates 2nd edition, WILEY
Dreamtech
2. The complete Reference Java 2 Fifth Edition by Patrick Naughton and Herbert
Schildt. TMH
3. Java Server Pages –Hans Bergsten, SPD O’Reilly
4. Internet and World Wide Web – How to program by Dietel and Nieto PHI/Pearson
Education Asia.
5. Jakarta Struts Cookbook, Bill Siggelkow, S P D O’Reilly.
1 Develop static pages (using only HTML) of an online Book store. The pages should resemble: www.amazon.com The website should consist the following pages. Home page, Registration and user Login, User profile page, Books catalog, Shopping cart, Payment By credit card, order confirmation.
2 Validate the registration, user login, user profile and payment by credit card pages using JavaScript.
3 Create and save an XML document at the server, which contains 10 users information. Write a program which takes User Id as input and returns the user details by taking the user information from the XML document.
4 Bean Assignments a. Create a JavaBeans which gives the exchange value of INR (Indian Rupees) into equivalent American/Canadian/Australian Dollar value.
b. Create a simple Bean with a label which is the count of number of clicks. Then create a Bean info class such that only the count properly is visible in the property Window.
c. Create two Beans – a) Keypad b) Display pad. After that integrate the two Beans to make it work as a calculator.
d. Create two Beans Traffic Light(implemented as a label with only three background colors-red, green, yellow) and Automobile(Implemented as a Text Box which states its state/movement). The state of the Automobile should depend on the following Light Transition table.
5 Install TOMCAT web server. Convert the static web pages of assignments 2 into dynamic web pages using servlets and cookies. Hint: User’s information (user id, password, credit card number) would be stored in web. Xml. Each user should have a separate shopping cart.
6 Redo the previous task using JSP by converting the static web pages of assignment 2 into dynamic web pages. Create a database with user information and books information. The books catalogue should be dynamically loaded from the database. Follow the MVC architecture while doing the website.
7 Implement the “Hello World” program using JSP Struts Framework.
8 Using JavaScript sort given array in ascending and descending order.
1. Develop static pages (using only HTML) of an online Book store. The pages should
resemble: www.amazon.com
The website should consist the following pages.
Home page, Registration and user Login, User profile page, Books catalog, Shopping
cart, Payment By credit card, order confirmation.
HomePage.html
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>HomePage</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
This is HomePage
<HR>
<MARQUEE>WWW.BOOKS.COM</MARQUEE>
<IMG SRC=".\book.gif" height="30%" width="40%">
<PRE>
<A HREF=".\HomePage1.html">Home Page</A>
<A HREF=".\Registration1.html">Registration User Login</A>
<A HREF=".\UserProfile1.html">User Profile Page</A>
<A HREF=".\BooksCatalog1.html">Books Catalog</A>
<A HREF=".\ShoppingCart1.html">Shopping Cart</A>
<A HREF=".\Payment1.html">Payment By CreditCard</A>
<A HREF=".\OrderConfirmation1.html">Order Confirmation</A>
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Registration1.html
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Registration</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>This is Registration User Login<HR>
<MARQUEE>WWW.BOOKS.COM</MARQUEE>
<IMG SRC=".\book.gif" height="30%" width="40%">
<PRE><A HREF="\WEBSITE\HomePage.html">Home Page</A>
<A HREF=".\HomePage1.html">Home Page</A>
<A HREF=".\Registration1.html">Registration User Login</A>
<A HREF=".\UserProfile1.html">User Profile Page</A>
<A HREF=".\BooksCatalog1.html">Books Catalog</A>
<A HREF=".\ShoppingCart1.html">Shopping Cart</A>
<A HREF=".\Payment1.html">Payment By CreditCard</A>
<A HREF=".\OrderConfirmation1.html">Order Confirmation</A>
</PRE><FORM><pre>
Enter your Name :<INPUT TYPE="TEXT">
Enter Password :<INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD">
Confirm Password:<INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD">
Gender :<Input type="Radio" name="R1" value="Male">Male
<Input type="Radio" name="R1" value="Female">Female
Country :<select><option selected>Select Country</option>
<option value="ind">India</option>
<option value="usa">United States of America</option>
<option value="eng">England</option> <option value="aus">Australia</option>
<option value="ger">Germany</option> <option value="pol">Poland</option>
</select><center><Input type="submit"><input type="reset"></center>
</pre></form></BODY></HTML>
4
USERLOGIN1.HTML:-
<html><head><title>UserLogin</title></head>
<body>
<IMG SRC=".\book.gif" height="30%" width="40%">
<PRE><A HREF="\WEBSITE\HomePage.html">Home Page</A>
<A HREF=".\HomePage1.html">Home Page</A>
<A HREF=".\Registration1.html">Registration User Login</A>
<A HREF=".\UserProfile1.html">User Profile Page</A>
<A HREF=".\BooksCatalog1.html">Books Catalog</A>
<A HREF=".\ShoppingCart1.html">Shopping Cart</A>
<A HREF=".\Payment1.html">Payment By CreditCard</A>
<A HREF=".\OrderConfirmation1.html">Order Confirmation</A>
</PRE>
UserId : <input type="text" id="uid"><br/>
Password: <input type="text" id="pwd"><br />
<br/><input type ="button" value ="LogIn">
</body></html>
5
PAYMENT1.Html:-
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Payment By Credit Card</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
<MARQUEE>WWW.BOOKS.COM</MARQUEE>
<IMG SRC=".\book.gif" height="30%" width="40%">
<PRE>
<A HREF=".\HomePage1.html">Home Page</A>
<A HREF=".\Registration1.html">Registration User Login</A>
<A HREF=".\UserProfile1.html">User Profile Page</A>
<A HREF=".\BooksCatalog1.html">Books Catalog</A>
<A HREF=".\ShoppingCart1.html">Shopping Cart</A>
<A HREF=".\Payment1.html">Payment By CreditCard</A>
<A HREF=".\OrderConfirmation1.html">Order Confirmation</A>
</PRE>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=400>
<tr><th>What will it take to pay off my credit card?</th></tr>
<tr><td align=center>
<table cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0>
<tr><td align="right">Enter your credit card balance: $</td><td><input size=6 type=text
id="cwBalance"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="right">Enter the credit card's interest rate: </td><td><input size=6
type=text id="cwRate">%</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right">Enter payment amount per month: $</td><td><input size=6
type=text id="cwMonthlyAmount"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center"><b>or</b></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="right">Enter desired months until debt free: </td><td><input size=6
type=text id="cwDesiredMonths"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2 align="center"><input type=button value="Calculate"
onclick="cwCalc();"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2 align="center" id="cwResult"></td></tr>
</table></td></tr>
</table>
</BODY>
</HTML>
6
2. Validate the registration, user login, user profile and payment by credit card pages
using JavaScript.
REGISTRATION FORM
<Html>
<Head>
<Title>User Registration Form</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<script language="JavaScript" fptype="dynamicanimation">
</script>
</head>
<body>
<script language="javascript">
function verify(form)
{
if(document.forms[0].elements[0].value=="")
{
alert("Please Enter User ID");
document.forms[0].elements[0].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[1].value=="")
{
alert("Please Enter your Password");
document.forms[0].elements[2].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[1].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[1].value.length<4)
{
alert("Password must be greater than 4 character");
document.forms[0].elements[1].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[2].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[1].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[2].value=="")
{
alert("Please Enter your Confirm Password");
document.forms[0].elements[2].focus();
return(false);
}
if((document.forms[0].elements[1].length)!=(document.forms[0].elements[2].length))
{
alert("Your Password does not match with Confirm Password");
document.forms[0].elements[1].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[2].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[1].focus();
7
return(false);
}
if((document.forms[0].elements[1].length)==(document.forms[0].elements[2].length))
{
if((document.forms[0].elements[1].value)!=(document.forms[0].elements[2].value))
{
alert("Your Password does not match with Confirm Password");
document.forms[0].elements[1].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[2].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[1].focus();
return(false);
}
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[3].value=="secq")
{
alert("Please Select your Security Question");
document.forms[0].elements[3].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[4].value=="")
{
alert("Please Answer the security question");
document.forms[0].elements[4].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[5].value=="DD")
{
alert("Please select Day of DOB");
document.forms[0].elements[5].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[6].value=="MM")
{
alert("Please select Month of DOB");
document.forms[0].elements[6].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[7].value=="YYYY")
{
alert("Please select Year of DOB");
document.forms[0].elements[7].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[10].checked==true)
{
if(document.forms[0].elements[11].value=="")
8
{
alert("Please Enter your First Name");
document.forms[0].elements[11].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[13].value=="")
{
alert("Please Enter your Last Name");
document.forms[0].elements[13].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[14].value=="Year")
{
alert("Please specify your Academic year");
document.forms[0].elements[14].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[15].value=="adminyear")
{
alert("Please put your Admission Year");
document.forms[0].elements[15].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[16].value=="dept")
{
alert("Please Select your Department");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[17].value=="")
{
alert("Please put your Roll Number");
document.forms[0].elements[17].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[17].value!="")
{
r0=document.forms[0].elements[17].value.indexOf('2');
r1=document.forms[0].elements[17].value.indexOf('k');
r2=parseInt(document.forms[0].elements[17].value.charAt(2));
r3=document.forms[0].elements[17].value.indexOf('_');
r4=parseInt(document.forms[0].elements[17].value.charAt(4));
r5=parseInt(document.forms[0].elements[17].value.charAt(5));
r6=parseInt(document.forms[0].elements[17].value.charAt(6));
len=document.forms[0].elements[17].value.length;
if((len!=7)||(r0!=0)||(r1!=1)||(r3!=3)||(r4>6 || r4<1)||(r2>9 || r2<1))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number");
9
document.forms[0].elements[17].focus();
return(false)
}
switch(document.forms[0].elements[16].value)
{
case 'IT':
if(r4!=6||(r5>4||r5<0)||(r6>9||r6<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Information Technology");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'CSE':
if(r4!=5||(r5>4||r5<0)||(r6>9||r6<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Computer Science");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'ECE':
if(r4!=4||(r5>4||r5<0)||(r6>9||r6<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Electronics");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'EE':
if(r4!=2||(r5>6||r5<0)||(r6>9||r6<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Electrical Engineering");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'ME':
if(r4!=3||(r5>6||r5<0)||(r6>9||r6<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Mechanical Engineering");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'CE':
if(r4!=1||(r5>6||r5<0)||(r6>9||r6<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Civil Engineering");
document.forms[0].elements[16].focus();
return(false)
}break;
}
10
switch(document.forms[0].elements[14].value)
{
case 'Fourth':
if(r2!=1||(r2>9||r2<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Forth Year");
document.forms[0].elements[14].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'Third':
if(r2!=2||(r2>9||r2<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of Third Year");
document.forms[0].elements[14].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'Second':
if(r2!=3||(r2>9||r2<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Second Year");
document.forms[0].elements[14].focus();
return(false)
}break;
case 'First':
if(r2!=4||(r2>9||r2<0))
{
alert("Not a valid Roll Number of First Year");
document.forms[0].elements[14].focus();
return(false)
}break;
}
}
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[24].checked==true)
{
if(document.forms[0].elements[25].value=="")
{
alert("Please Enter Your First Name");
document.forms[0].elements[25].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[27].value=="")
{
alert("Please Enter your Last Name");
document.forms[0].elements[27].focus();
return(false);
}
11
if(document.forms[0].elements[30].value=="state")
{
alert("Please Select Your State");
document.forms[0].elements[30].focus();
return(false);
}
if(document.forms[0].elements[31].value=="country")
{
alert("Please Select Your State");
document.forms[0].elements[31].focus();
return(false);
}
if((document.forms[0].elements[32].value=="pincode")||(document.forms[0].elements[33].
value=""))
{
alert("Please Select Your Pincode OR if Other specify");
document.forms[0].elements[32].focus();
return(false);
}
}
}
function studentclear(form)
{
document.forms[0].elements[11].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[12].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[13].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[14].value="Year";
document.forms[0].elements[15].value="adminyear";
document.forms[0].elements[16].value="dept";
document.forms[0].elements[17].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[18].value="selecthostel";
document.forms[0].elements[19].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[20].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[21].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[22].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[23].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[25].focus();
}
function generalclear(form)
{
document.forms[0].elements[25].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[26].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[27].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[28].value="City";
document.forms[0].elements[29].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[30].value="state";
document.forms[0].elements[31].value="country";
document.forms[0].elements[32].value="pincode";
12
document.forms[0].elements[33].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[34].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[35].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[36].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[37].value="";
document.forms[0].elements[11].focus();
}
</script>
<body onLoad=document. forms [0].elements[0].focus();>
<form action ="" method="post" onsubmit="return verify(this.form)">
<center>
<p dynamicanimation="fpAnimelasticRightFP1" id="fpAnimelasticRightFP1"
style="position: relative !important; visibility: hidden" language="Javascript1.2">
<font size="6" face="Monotype Corsiva" color="#800000">New User Registration
Form</font></p>
</center><br>
<i><font color="#FF0000"><font face="Arial" size="4">*</font>
<font face="Arial" size="2"></font> </font>
<font face="Arial" size="2"color="#FF0000">Indicates all the fields are
mandatory</font></i><hr><p>
<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000">*</font>
<font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif">User ID:</font><b>
<input name="uid" size="16" maxlength="15"></b>
<font color="#FF0033" size="2"> </font>
<font face="Arial" size="2" color="#FF0033">
(Contains only letters (a-z), numbers (0-9) and underscore)</font>
<br><b><br></b>
<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000">*</font>
<font size="-1" face="Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif">Password: </font>
<font color="#000000"> </font>
<input type="password" name="pswd" size="9" maxlength="10" style="font-weight: bold;
color:#008000">
<font color="#000000"size="2"><font face="Arial"> </font></font>
<font color="#FF0033" size="2" face="Arial">
(Password should be of minimum 4(four) and maximum 10(ten) characters. </font>
<font size="2"><font color="#FF0033" face="Arial">) </font></p>
</font> <font face="ARIAL, HELVETICA" size="-1"> </font>
<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000">*</font>
<font face="ARIAL, HELVETICA" size="-1">Re-Type Password</font>:<font size="2">
<b>
<input type="password" name="cpswd" size="11" maxlength="10" style="color:#008000"
></b> </font>
<hr><font size="2"> </font><font size="2">
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<i>If you forget your password, you can retrieve it by answering your unique hint
question. <br>
Frame your question such that only you know its answer.
</i></font></font>
13
<div align="center"><font face="Arial" size="2"></font>
<font face="Arial" size="2"></font><font face="Arial" size="2"></font>
<font face="Arial" size="2"></font></div>
<font face="Arial" size="2"><br></font>
<font size="2"><font face="Arial">
<font face="Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif"></font></font></font>
<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000">*</font>
<font size="2"><font face="Arial">
<font face="Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif">
Select a question forgetting password </font><b>: </b></font>
<select size="1" name="secq">
<option selected value="secq">Select a hit question ?</option>
<option value="What is your favourite multimedia software?">
What is your favourite multimedia software?</option>
<option value="What is your favourite game?">What is your favourite game?</option>
<option value="who is your favourite Cricketer?">
who is your favourite Cricketer? </option>
<option value="who is your favourite Film Actor?">
who is your favourite Film Actor?</option>
<option value="what is your favourite food?">what is your favourite food?</option>
</select><font face="Arial"><b>
</b></font></font><p><font size="2">
</font><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000">*</font>
<font color="#000000" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Hit Answer:
<input type="text" name="seca" size="21"> </font>
<font size="2"><font color="#000000" face="Arial, Helvetica,sans-serif"> </font>
<font color="#FF0033" face="Arial">(Write Your Answer)</font>
<font color="#000000" face="Arial"> </font>
</font><font size="1"></p></font>
<hr><div align="left"><font face="Arial,Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
DD MM YYYY <br>
</font>
<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"color="#FF0000">*</font>
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">Date of Birth:
<select size="1" name="DD">
<option selected value="DD">Day</option> <option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option> <option value="3">3</option>
<option value="4">4</option> <option value="5">5</option>
<option value="6">6</option> <option value="7">7</option>
<option value="8">8</option> <option value="9">9</option>
<option value="10">10</option> <option value="11">11</option>
<option value="12">12</option> <option value="13">13</option>
<option value="14">14</option> <option value="15">15</option>
<option value="16">16</option> <option value="17">17</option>
<option value="18">18</option> <option value="19">19</option>
<option value="20">20</option> <option value="21">21</option>
<option value="22">22</option> <option value="23">23</option>
<option value="24">24</option> <option value="25">25</option>
14
<option value="26">26</option> <option value="27">27</option>
<option value="28">28</option> <option value="29">29</option>
<option value="30">30</option> <option value="31">31</option>
</select>
<select size="1" name="MM">
<option selected value="MM">Month</option><option
value="JANUARY">JAN</option>
<option value="FEBRUARY">FEB</option> <option
value="MARCH">MAR</option>
<option value="APRIL">APR</option> <option value="MAY">MAY</option>
<option value="JUNE">JUN</option> <option value="JULY">JUL</option>
<option value="AUGUST">AUG</option> <option
value="SEPTEMBER">SEP</option>
<option value="OCTOBER">OCT</option><option
value="NOVEMBER">NOV</option>
<option value="DECEMBER">DEC</option>
</select>
<select size="1" name="YYYY">
<option selected value="YYYY">Year</option> <option value="1970">1970</option>
<option value="1971">1971</option> <option value="1972">1972</option>
<option value="1973">1973</option> <option value="1974">1974</option>
<option value="1975">1975</option> <option value="1976">1976</option>
<option value="1977">1977</option> <option value="1978">1978</option>
<option value="1979">1979</option> <option value="1980">1980</option>
<option value="1981">1981</option> <option value="1982">1982</option>
<option value="1983">1983</option> <option value="1984">1984</option>
<option value="1985">1985</option> <option value="1986">1986</option>
<option value="1987">1987</option> <option value="1988">1988</option>
<option value="1989">1989</option> <option value="1990">1990</option>
<option value="1991">1991</option> <option value="1992">1992</option>
<option value="1993">1993</option> <option value="1994">1994</option>
<option value="1995">1995</option> <option value="1996">1996</option>
<option value="1996">1996</option> <option value="1997">1997</option>
<option value="1998">1998</option> <option value="1999">1999</option>
<option value="2000">2000</option> <option value="2001">2001</option>
<option value="2002">2002</option> <option value="2003">2003</option>
<option value="2004">2004</option> <option value="2005">2005</option>
<option value="2006">2006</option> <option value="2007">2007</option>
<option value="2008">2008</option> <option value="2009">2009</option>
<option value="2010">2010</option> <option value="2011">2011</option>
<option value="2012">2012</option> <option value="2013">2013</option>
<option value="2014">2014</option> <option value="2015">2015</option>
<option value="2016">2016</option> <option value="2017">2017</option>
<option value="2018">2018</option> <option value="2019">2019</option>
<option value="2020">2020</option> </select></font></div>
<p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1"></font>
<font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000">*</font>
15
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
Gender:
<input type="radio" name="Male" value="male" checked> Male
<INPUT type=radio value="female" name="Male" >Female
</font>
<hr><font size="4" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF0000"> </font>
<p> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
Contact No: <input type="text" size="6" name="std" maxlength="6"><b> -</b>
<input type="text" size="9" name="phno" maxlength="9">
</font><p>
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
Mobile No: <input type="text" size="18" name="mobno" maxlength="15"></font><p>
<font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
Email:<input type="text" name="email" size="20">
</font><p><hr>
<div align="left"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="-1">
</font> </div><center>
<input type="submit" value="Submit" name="Submit" tabindex="25">
<input type="reset" value="Reset" name="Reset" tabindex="26">
</center></form></body></html>
16
OUTPUT:-
17
USER LOGIN:-
<html><head><script>
function f()
{
if(document.getElementById('uid').value.length==0)
alert("UserId can't e blank");
else if(document.getElementById('pwd').value.length==0)
alert("Password can't be blank");
else
{
alert("successfully logged in");
window.open("Welcome.html");}
}
</script></head>
<body>
UserId : <input type="text" id="uid"><br/>
Passowrd: <input type="text" id="pwd"><br />
<br/><input type ="button" onclick="f()" value ="LogIn">
</body></html>
OUTPUT:-
18
USER PROFILE
<html>
<head>
<title>User Profile</title>
</head>
<body>
<H1>User Profile</H1>
<Hr>
<pre>
<b>Name : </b>
<b>E-Mail ID : </b>
<b>Date of Birth : </b>
<b>Gender : </b>
<b>City : </b>
<b>State : </b>
<b>Country : </b>
<b>Zip Code : </b>
</pre>
</Body>
</Html>
OUTPUT:-
19
PAYMENT BY CREDIT CARD
<HTML><HEAD>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
.cwCalc{border:1px solid black;}
.cwCalc TH{background-color:#BBBBBB;}
.cwCalc TD{background-color:#DDDDDD;}
-->
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function cwCalc()
{
if (cwBalance.value=='') {
alert('Please enter your credit card balance.'); return;}
if (cwRate.value=='') {
alert('Please enter your credit card\'s interest rate.'); return;}
if ( (cwMonthlyAmount.value=='' && cwDesiredMonths.value=='') ||
(cwMonthlyAmount.value!='' && cwDesiredMonths.value!='') ) {
alert('Please enter either a payment amount or desired months.'); return;}
var mRate=(cwRate.value/100)/12;
if (cwMonthlyAmount.value=='')
{
var payment=cwBalance.value*(mRate) / (1-Math.pow((1+mRate),(-
cwDesiredMonths.value)) );
payment=Math.round(payment*100)/100;
cwResult.innerHTML="It will cost $" + payment.toFixed(2) + " a month to pay off this
card and will cost you a total of $" + (payment*cwDesiredMonths.value).toFixed(2) + ".";
}
else {
var remainingBalance=cwBalance.value;
var minPayment=mRate*cwBalance.value;
var months=0;
var lastPayment;
if (minPayment>cwMonthlyAmount.value) {
alert ('Your monthly payment is less than the monthly interest charged by this card.');
return;}
while (remainingBalance>0)
{
months++;
remainingBalance=remainingBalance*(1 + mRate)-cwMonthlyAmount.value;
}
cwResult.innerHTML="It will take " + months + " months to pay off this card and will cost
you a total of $" + (cwMonthlyAmount.value*months).toFixed(2) + ".";
}
}
</script>
20
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<table class="cwCalc" border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 width=400>
<tr><th>What will it take to pay off my credit card?</th></tr>
<tr><td align=center>
<table cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0>
<tr><td align="right">Enter your credit card balance: $</td><td><input size=6 type=text
id="cwBalance"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="right">Enter the credit card's interest rate: </td><td><input size=6
type=text id="cwRate">%</td></tr>
<tr><td align="right">Enter payment amount per month: $</td><td><input size=6
type=text id="cwMonthlyAmount"></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center"><b>or</b></td><td> </td></tr>
<tr><td align="right">Enter desired months until debt free: </td><td><input size=6
type=text id="cwDesiredMonths"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2 align="center"><input type=button value="Calculate"
onclick="cwCalc();"></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan=2 align="center" id="cwResult"></td></tr>
</table></td></tr>
<tr>
<td align=right valign=top style="font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;">
Powered by:<a href="http://www.creditorweb.com/CreditCards/" target="_blank">
<img src="http://www.creditorweb.com/images/logosmall.png" border="0" alt="Compare
credit cards and find credit card tools and articles at Creditor Web"></a></td></tr>
</table>
<p><center>
<font face="arial, helvetica" size"-2">Free JavaScripts provided<br>by
<a href="http://srinu.com">The JavaScript Source</a></font>
</center><p>
</BODY>
</HTML>
21
OUTPUT:-
22
3.Create and save an XML document at the server. Which contains user information
or
Program To Implement Loginform Using Sevlets
PROGRAM
filename:Usevalidation.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Login Form</title>
</head>
<body leftmargin=75 topmargin=75 bgcolor=white>
<form method=Get action="http:127.0.0.1:8080\validation">
UserName <input type=text name=user>
<br><br>
Password <input type=password name=pass>
<br><br>
<input type=submit value=submit>
<input type=reset name=cancel>
</form>
</body>
</html>
filename:UserValid.java
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.*;
public class UserValid extends HttpServlet
{
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res)throws
ServletException,IOException
{
res.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out=res.getWriter();
String usr=res.getParameter("user");
String pwd=res.getParameter("pass");
if(usr equals("naveen")&&pwd equals("nav")
out.println("Successfully Logged in");
else
out.println("Unsuccessful");
}
}
filename:web.xml
<web-app>
<servlet>
23
<servlet-name>UserValidation</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>UserValid</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>UserValidation</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/validation/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
24
4.Developing a Simple Bean Using the BDK:
This section presents an example that shows how to develop a simple Bean and
connect it to other components via the BDK.
Our new component is called the Colors Bean. It appears as either a rectangle or
ellipse that is filled with a color. A color is chosen at random when the Bean begins
execution. A public method can be invoked to change it. Each time the mouse is clicked
on the Bean, another random color is chosen. There is one boolean read/write property
that determines the shape.
The BDK is used to lay out an application with one instance of the Colors Bean and
one instance of the OurButton Bean. The button is labeled “Change.” Each time it is
pressed, the color changes.
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
USING JAVA
Create a New Bean
Here are the steps that you must follow to create a new Bean:
1. Create a directory for the new Bean.
2. Create the Java source file(s).
3. Compile the source file(s).
4. Create a manifest file.
5. Generate a JAR file.
6. Start the BDK.
7. Test.
The following sections discuss each of these steps in detail.
Create a Directory for the New Bean
You need to make a directory for the Bean. To follow along with this example, create
c:\bdk\demo\sunw\demo\colors. Then change to that directory.
The Colors and OurButton Beans
Create the Source File for the New Bean
The source code for the Colors component is shown in the following listing. It is
located in the file Colors.java.
The import statement at the beginning of the file places it in the package named
sunw.demo.colors. Recall from Chapter 9 that the directory hierarchy corresponds to
the package hierarchy. Therefore, this file must be located in a subdirectory named
sunw\demo\colors relative to the CLASSPATH environment variable.
The color of the component is determined by the private Color variable color, and
its shape is determined by the private boolean variable rectangular.
The constructor defines an anonymous inner class that extends MouseAdapter and
overrides its mousePressed( ) method. The change( ) method is invoked in response to
mouse presses. The component is initialized to a rectangular shape of 200 by 100 pixels.
The change( ) method is invoked to select a random color and repaint the component.
The getRectangular( ) and setRectangular( ) methods provide access to the one
property of this Bean. The change( ) method calls randomColor( ) to choose a color and
then calls repaint( ) to make the change visible. Notice that the paint( ) method uses the
rectangular and color variables to determine how to present the Bean.
// A simple Bean.
package sunw.demo.colors;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
25
public class Colors extends Canvas {
transient private Color color;
private boolean rectangular;
public Colors() {
addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent me) {
change();
}
});
rectangular = false;
setSize(200, 100);
change();
}
public boolean getRectangular() {
return rectangular;
}
public void setRectangular(boolean flag) {
this.rectangular = flag;
repaint();
}
public void change() {
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
USING JAVA
color = randomColor();
repaint();
}
private Color randomColor() {
int r = (int)(255*Math.random());
int g = (int)(255*Math.random());
int b = (int)(255*Math.random());
return new Color(r, g, b);
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
Dimension d = getSize();
int h = d.height;
int w = d.width;
g.setColor(color);
if(rectangular) {
g.fillRect(0, 0, w-1, h-1);
}
else {
g.fillOval(0, 0, w-1, h-1);
}
}
}
Compile the Source Code for the New Bean
Compile the source code to create a class file. Type the following:
javac Colors.java.
26
Create a Manifest File
You must now create a manifest file. First, switch to the c:\bdk\demo directory. This
is the directory in which the manifest files for the BDK demos are located. Put the
source code for your manifest file in the file colors.mft. It is shown here:
Name: sunw/demo/colors/Colors.class
Java-Bean: True
This file indicates that there is one .class file in the JAR file and that it is a Java Bean.
Notice that the Colors.class file is in the package sunw.demo.colors and in the
subdirectory sunw\demo\colors relative to the current directory.
Generate a JAR File
Beans are included in the ToolBox window of the BDK only if they are in JAR files in the
directory c:\bdk\jars. These files are generated with the jar utility. Enter the following:
jar cfm ..\jars\colors.jar colors.mft sunw\demo\colors\*.class
This command creates the file colors.jar and places it in the directory c:\bdk\jars.
(You may wish to put this in a batch file for future use.)
Start the BDK
Change to the directory c:\bdk\beanbox and type run. This causes the BDK to start.
You should see three windows, titled ToolBox, BeanBox, and Properties. The ToolBox
window should include an entry labeled “Colors” for your new Bean.
Create an Instance of the Colors Bean
After you complete the preceding steps, create an instance of the Colors Bean in the
BeanBox window. Test your new component by pressing the mouse anywhere within
its borders. Its color immediately changes. Use the Properties window to change the
rectangular property from false to true. Its shape immediately changes.
Create and Configure an Instance of the OurButton Bean
Create an instance of the OurButton Bean in the BeanBox window. Then follow
these steps:
1. Go to the Properties window and change the label of the Bean to “Change”.
You should see that the button appearance changes immediately when this
property is changed.
2. Go to the menu bar of the BeanBox and select Edit | Events | action |
actionPerformed.
3. Move the cursor so that it is inside the Colors Bean display area, and click the left mouse button. You should see the Event Target Dialog dialog box.
4. The dialog box allows you to choose a method that should be invoked when this button is clicked. Select the entry labeled “change” and click the OK button. You should see a message box appear very briefly, stating that the tool is “Generating and compiling adaptor class.”
5. Click on the button. You should see the color change. You might want to experiment with the Colors Bean a bit before moving on.
Output:
27
Create two Beans Traffic Light(implemented as a label with only three background colorsred,
green, yellow) and Automobile(Implemented as a Text Box which states its
state/movement). The state of the Automobile should depend on the following Light
Transition table.
/*<applet code="Sig.class" height=300 width=200></applet>*/
import java.awt.*;
import java.lang.String;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.applet.Applet;
import java.applet.*;
public class Sig extends Applet implements ItemListener{
boolean c1,c2,c3;
String s1;
Checkbox r1,r2,r3;
CheckboxGroup cbg;
public void init(){
cbg=new CheckboxGroup();
Panel p=new Panel();
p.setLayout(new GridLayout());
add(r1=new Checkbox("red",cbg,false));
add(r2=new Checkbox("yellow",cbg,false));
add(r3=new Checkbox("green",cbg,false));
r1.addItemListener(this);
r2.addItemListener(this);
r3.addItemListener(this);
}
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawOval(10, 30, 20, 20);
//System.out.println(s1);
g.setColor(Color.yellow);
g.drawOval(10, 60, 20, 20);
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.drawOval(10, 90, 20, 20);
s1=cbg.getSelectedCheckbox().getLabel();
if(s1=="red")
{
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillOval(10, 30, 20, 20);
}
else if(s1=="yellow")
{
g.setColor(Color.yellow);
g.fillOval(10, 60, 20, 20);
}
else if(s1=="green")
{
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.fillOval(10, 90, 20, 20);
}
}
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie) {
repaint();
}
}
5: SERVELETS & COOKIES
Reading Servlet Parameters
The ServletRequest class includes methods that allow you to read the names and values of
parameters that are included in a client request. We will develop a servlet that illustrates
their use. The example contains two files: PostParameters.htm defines a Web page, and
PostParametersServlet.java defines a servlet. The HTML source code for
PostParameters.htm is shown in the following listing. It defines a table that contains two
labels and two text fields. One of the labels is Employee and the other is Phone. The form
also includes a submit button. Notice that the action parameter of the form tag specifies a
URL. The URL identifies the servlet to process the HTTP POST request.
<html>
<body>
<center>
<form name="Form1"
method="post"
action="http://localhost:8080/servlet/PostParametersServlet">
<table>
<tr>
<td><B>Employee</td>
<td><input type=textbox name="e" size="25" value=""></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><B>Phone</td>
<td><input type=textbox name="p" size="25" value=""></td>
</tr>
</table>
<input type=submit value="Submit">
</body>
</html>
The source code for PostParametersServlet.java is shown in the following listing. The
service( ) method is overridden to process client requests. The getParameterNames( )
method returns an enumeration of the parameter names. These are processed in a loop. You
can see that the parameter name and value are output to the client. The parameter value is
obtained via the getParameter( ) method.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
public class PostParametersServlet
extends GenericServlet {
public void service(ServletRequest request,
ServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// Get print writer
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
30
// Get enumeration of parameter names
Enumeration e = request.getParameterNames();
// Display parameter names and values
while(e.hasMoreElements()) {
String pname = (String)e.nextElement();
pw.print(pname + " = ");
String pvalue = request.getParameter(pname);
pw.println(pvalue);
}
pw.close();
}
}
The example contains two files: ColorGet.htm defines a Web page, and
ColorGetServlet.java defines a servlet. The HTML source code for ColorGet.htm is
shown in the following listing. It defines a form that contains a select element and a
submit button. Notice that the action parameter of the form tag specifies a URL. The URL
identifies a servlet to process the HTTP GET request.
<body>
<center>
<form name="Form1"
action="http://localhost:8080/servlet/ColorGetServlet">
<B>Color:</B>
<select name="color" size="1">
<option value="Red">Red</option>
<option value="Green">Green</option>
<option value="Blue">Blue</option>
</select>
<br><br>
<input type=submit value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
method is overridden to process any HTTP GET requests that are sent to this servlet. It uses
the getParameter( ) method of HttpServletRequest to obtain the selection that
was made by the user. A response is then formulated.
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class ColorGetServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
31
throws ServletException, IOException {
String color = request.getParameter("color");
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.println("<B>The selected color is: ");
pw.println(color);
pw.close();
The HTML source code for ColorPost.htm is shown in the following listing. It is identical
to ColorGet.htm except that the method parameter for the form tag explicitly specifies
that the POST method should be used, and the action parameter for the form tag
specifies a different servlet.
<html>
<body>
<center>
<form name="Form1"
method="post"
action="http://localhost:8080/servlet/ColorPostServlet">
<B>Color:</B>
<select name="color" size="1">
<option value="Red">Red</option>
<option value="Green">Green</option>
<option value="Blue">Blue</option>
</select>
<br><br>
<input type=submit value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
The source code for ColorPostServlet.java is shown in the following listing. The
doPost( ) method is overridden to process any HTTP POST requests that are sent to this
servlet. It uses the getParameter( ) method of HttpServletRequest to obtain the
selection that was made by the user. A response is then formulated.
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class ColorPostServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
String color = request.getParameter("color");
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.println("<B>The selected color is: ");
pw.println(color);
pw.close();
}
}
6. JSP Source Code for Basic Arithmetic Example
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Arithmetic</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Arithmetic</h1>
<hr>
This example illustrates basic Expression Language arithmetic.
Addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/ or div),
and modulus (% or mod) are all supported. Error conditions, like
division by zero, are handled gracefully.
<br>
<blockquote>
<code>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<td><b>EL Expression</b></td>
<td><b>Result</b></td>
</thead>
<tr>
<td>\${1}</td>
<td>${1}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${1 + 2}</td>
<td>${1 + 2}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${1.2 + 2.3}</td>
<td>${1.2 + 2.3}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${1.2E4 + 1.4}</td>
<td>${1.2E4 + 1.4}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${-4 - 2}</td>
<td>${-4 - 2}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${21 * 2}</td>
<td>${21 * 2}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${3/4}</td>
<td>${3/4}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${3 div 4}</td>
<td>${3 div 4}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${3/0}</td>
<td>${3/0}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${10%4}</td>
<td>${10%4}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${10 mod 4}</td>
<td>${10 mod 4}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${(1==2) ? 3 : 4}</td>
<td>${(1==2) ? 3 : 4}</td>
</tr>
</table>
</code>
</blockquote>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT:
JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Basic Arithmetic
EL Expression Result
${1} 1
${1 + 2} 3
${1.2 + 2.3} 3.5
${1.2E4 + 1.4} 12001.4
${-4 - 2} -6
${21 * 2} 42
${3/4} 0.75
${3 div 4} 0.75
${3/0} Infinity
${10%4} 2
${10 mod 4} 2
${(1==2) ? 3 : 4} 4
36
Source Code for functions.jsp
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Functions</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JSP 2.0 Expression Language - Functions</h1>
<hr>
An upgrade from the JSTL expression language, the JSP 2.0 EL also
allows for simple function invocation. Functions are defined
by tag libraries and are implemented by a Java programmer as
static methods.
<blockquote>
<u><b>Change Parameter</b></u>
<form action="functions.jsp" method="GET">
foo = <input type="text" name="foo" value="${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])}">
<input type="submit">
</form>
<br>
<code>
<table border="1"> <thead>
<td><b>EL Expression</b></td>
<td><b>Result</b></td>
</thead>
<tr>
<td>\${param["foo"]}</td>
<td>${fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])} </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${my:reverse(param["foo"])}</td>
<td>${my:reverse(fn:escapeXml(param["foo"]))} </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${my:reverse(my:reverse(param["foo"]))}</td>
<td>${my:reverse(my:reverse(fn:escapeXml(param["foo"])))} </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\${my:countVowels(param["foo"])}</td>
<td>${my:countVowels(fn:escapeXml(param["foo"]))} </td>
</tr>
</table>
</code>
</blockquote>
</body>
</html>
Source Code for Calendar Example
37
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>
Calendar: A JSP APPLICATION
</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="white">
<%@ page language="java" import="cal.*" %>
<jsp:useBean id="table" scope="session" class="cal.TableBean" />
<%
table.processRequest(request);
if (table.getProcessError() == false) {
%>
<!-- html table goes here -->
<CENTER>
<TABLE WIDTH=60% BGCOLOR=yellow CELLPADDING=15>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER> <A HREF=cal1.jsp?date=prev> prev </A>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER> Calendar:<%= table.getDate() %></TD>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER> <A HREF=cal1.jsp?date=next> next </A>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<!-- the main table -->
<TABLE WIDTH=60% BGCOLOR=lightblue BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=10>
<TR>
<TH> Time </TH>
<TH> Appointment </TH>
</TR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION=cal1.jsp>
<%
for(int i=0; i<table.getEntries().getRows(); i++) {
cal.Entry entr = table.getEntries().getEntry(i);
%>
<TR>
<TD>
<A HREF=cal2.jsp?time=<%= entr.getHour() %>>
<%= entr.getHour() %> </A>
</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR=<%= entr.getColor() %>>
<% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(entr.getDescription())); %>
</TD>
</TR>
<%
}
%>
</FORM>
</TABLE>
<BR>
<!-- footer -->
<TABLE WIDTH=60% BGCOLOR=yellow CELLPADDING=15>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN=CENTER> <% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(table.getName())); %> :
<% out.print(util.HTMLFilter.filter(table.getEmail())); %> </TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER>
<%
} else {
%>
<font size=5>
You must enter your name and email address correctly.
</font>
<%
}
%>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUT PUT
Please Enter the following information:
Name
prev Calendar:5/29/2008 next
Time Appointment
8am None
9am None
10am None
11am None
12pm None
1pm None
2pm None
3pm None
4pm None
5pm None
6pm None
7pm
None
pvr : pvr@gmail.com
ANANTH
ananth_r
Submit
40
Calender2
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>
Calendar: A JSP APPLICATION
</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR="white">
<jsp:useBean id="table" scope="session" class="cal.TableBean" />
<%
String time = request.getParameter ("time");
%>
<FONT SIZE=5> Please add the following event:
<BR> <h3> Date <%= table.getDate() %>
<BR> Time <%= util.HTMLFilter.filter(time) %> </h3>
</FONT>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION=cal1.jsp>
<BR>
<BR> <INPUT NAME="date" TYPE=HIDDEN VALUE="current">
<BR> <INPUT NAME="time" TYPE=HIDDEN VALUE=<%=
util.HTMLFilter.filter(time) %>
<BR> <h2> Description of the event <INPUT NAME="description" TYPE=TEXT
SIZE=20> </h2>
<BR> <INPUT TYPE=SUBMIT VALUE="submit">
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>
PROGRAM FOR JSP-Servlet-JSP
Source Code for JSP calling servlet
<HTML>
<body bgcolor="white">
<!-- Forward to a servlet -->
<jsp:forward page="/servletToJsp" />
</html> OR
Source Code for Servlet calling JSP
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class servletToJsp extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet (HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
try {
// Set the attribute and Forward to hello.jsp
request.setAttribute ("servletName", "servletToJsp");
getServletConfig().getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/jsptoserv/hello.jsp").forwar
d(request, response);
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace ();
}
}
}
OUT PUT
I have been invoked by servletToJsp Servlet.
7. Source Code for HelloWorld Example
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class HelloWorld extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<html>");
out.println("<head>");
out.println("<title>Hello World!</title>");
out.println("</head>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("<h1>Hello World!</h1>");
out.println("</body>");
out.println("</html>");
}
}
OUTPUT:
Hello World!
43
Source Code for Session Example
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class SessionExample extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
// print session info
Date created = new Date(session.getCreationTime());
Date accessed = new Date(session.getLastAccessedTime());
out.println("ID " + session.getId());
out.println("Created: " + created);
out.println("Last Accessed: " + accessed);
// set session info if needed
String dataName = request.getParameter("dataName");
if (dataName != null && dataName.length() > 0) {
String dataValue = request.getParameter("dataValue");
session.setAttribute(dataName, dataValue);
}
// print session contents
Enumeration e = session.getAttributeNames();
while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
String name = (String)e.nextElement();
String value = session.getAttribute(name).toString();
out.println(name + " = " + value);
}
}
}
OUTPUT:-
Sessions Example
Session ID: E55B7AE87EEC8556A084BBFF47E96155
Created: Thu May 29 12:00:08 IST 2008
Last Accessed: Thu May 29 12:00:43 IST 2008
The following data is in your session:
ANANTH = 1234
RAM = 4321
Name of Session Attribute:
Value of Session Attribute:
GET based form:
Name of Session Attribute:
Value of Session Attribute:
URL encoded
Submit Query
Submit Query
Using Cookies
Now, let's develop a servlet that illustrates how to use cookies. The servlet is invoked
when a form on a Web page is submitted. The example contains three files, as
summarized here:
File Description
AddCookie.htm
Allows a user to specify a value for the cookie named
M yCookie
AddCookieServlet.java
P rocesses the submission of AddCookie.htm
GetCookiesServlet.java
Displays cookie values
The HTML source code for AddCookie.htm is shown in the following listing. This page
contains a text field in which a value can be entered. The page also includes a submit
button. When this button is pressed, the value in the text field is sent to
AddCookieServlet via an HTTP POST request.
<html>
<body>
<center>
<form name="Form1"
method="post"
action="http://localhost:8080/servlet/AddCookieServlet">
<B>Enter a value for MyCookie:</B>
<input type=textbox name="data" size=25 value="">
<input type=submit value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
The source code for AddCookieServlet.java is shown in the following listing. It gets the
value of the parameter named "data". It then creates a Cookie object that has the name
"MyCookie" and contains the value of the "data" parameter. The cookie is then added to
the header of the HTTP response via the addCookie( ) method. A feedback message is
then written to the browser.
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class AddCookieServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// Get parameter from HTTP request
String data = request.getParameter("data");
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("MyCookie", data);
// Add cookie to HTTP response
response.addCookie(cookie);
// Write output to browser
response.setContentType("text/html");ET 46
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.println("<B>MyCookie has been set to");
pw.println(data);
pw.close();
}
}
The source code for GetCookiesServlet.java is shown in the following listing. It invokes
the getCookies( ) method to read any cookies that are included in the HTTP GET request. The names and values of these cookies are then written to the HTTP response. Observe that the getName( ) and getValue( ) methods are called to obtain this
information.
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class GetCookiesServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// Get cookies from header of HTTP request
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
// Display these cookies
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.println("<B>");
for(int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
String name = cookies[i].getName();
String value = cookies[i].getValue();
pw.println("name = " + name +
"; value = " + value);
}
pw.close();
}
}
The following servlet illustrates how to use session state. The getSession( ) method gets the current session. A new session is created if one does not already exist. The getValue( ) method is called to obtain the object that is bound to the name "date". That object is a Date object that encapsulates the date and time when this page was last accessed. (Of course, there is no such binding when the page is first accessed.) A Date object encapsulating the current date and time is then created. The putValue( ) method is called to bind the name "date" to this object.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class DateServlet extends HttpServlet {
47
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// Get the HttpSession object
HttpSession hs = request.getSession(true);
// Get writer
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
pw.print("<B>");
// Display date/time of last access
Date date = (Date)hs.getValue("date");
if(date != null) {
pw.print("Last access: " + date + "<br>");
}
// Display current date/time
date = new Date();
hs.putValue("date", date);
pw.println("Current date: " + date);
}}
48
Source Code for Cookie Example
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class CookieExample extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
// print out cookies
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
Cookie c = cookies[i];
String name = c.getName();
String value = c.getValue();
out.println(name + " = " + value);
}
// set a cookie
String name = request.getParameter("cookieName");
if (name != null && name.length() > 0) {
String value = request.getParameter("cookieValue");
Cookie c = new Cookie(name, value);
response.addCookie(c);
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
Cookies Example
Your browser is sending the following cookies:
Cookie Name: ANANTH
Cookie Value: 876543
Cookie Name: RAM
Cookie Value: 1234567
You just sent the following cookie to your browser:
Name: GURUNANAK
Value: 5000060
Create a cookie to send to your browser
Name:
Value:
IBRAHIMPATN
5000020
Submit Query
Write web program to implement Hello word
<Web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>simple servlet </servlet-name>
<servlet-class> Hello Word</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>simple servlet</servlet-name>
<un-pattern>servlet<un-pattern>
</Web-app>
OUTPUT : Hello Word
Program for Simple Servlet
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
public class simpleServlet extends GenericServlet{
public void service(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response)
throws ServletException,IOException{
res.setcontenttype Type("TEXT/HTML");
PrintWriter out=res.getwriter();
out.println("<html>");
out.println("<head>");
out.println("<title>this is simple servlet</title>);
out.println("</head");
out.println("</body>");
out.println(<center<b>testing servelet</b></center);
out.println(</body>);
out.println(</html>);
out.close();
}
}
Program for Postparmeter Servlet
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
public class PostParametersServlet
extends GenericServlet{
public void service(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response)
throws ServletException,IOException{
//Get printwriter
PrintWriter pw=response.getWriter();
//Get enumeration of parameternames
Enumeration e=request.getParameterNames();
//Display parameter names and values
while(e.hasMoreElements())
{
String pname=(String)e.nextElement();
pw.print(pname+"=");
String pvalue=request.getParameter(pname);
pw.println(pvalue);
}
pw.close();
}
}
7 Implement the “Hello World!” program using JSP Struts Framework.
Source Code for the Hello World Tag Example
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP 2.0 Examples - Hello World SimpleTag Handler</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JSP 2.0 Examples - Hello World SimpleTag Handler</h1>
<hr>
<p>This tag handler simply echos "Hello, World!" It's an example of
a very basic SimpleTag handler with no body.</p>
<br>
<b><u>Result:</u></b>
<mytag:helloWorld/>
</body>
</html>
OUT PUT
This tag handler simply echos "Hello, World!" It's an example of a very basic SimpleTag
handler with no body.
Result: Hello, world!
Program : Deposit
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><A HREF="TRANSACTIONS.HTML">HOME</A></P>
<TITLE> DEPOSIT DETAILS </TITLE><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<CENTER><FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">
<FORM METHOD=POST
ACTION="http://localhost:8080/bank/resourses/Deposit.com">
DEPOSIT DETAILS</FONT><BR><BR><BR>
ACCOUNT NO.:<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="ACCOUNTNO"><BR><BR>
AMOUNT:<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="AMT"><BR><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT">
<INPUT TYPE="reset">
</FORM>
</CENTER>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT
DEPOSIT DETAILS
ACCOUNT NO.:
AMOUNT:
SUBMIT Reset
Program : Transactions
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> TRANSACTIONS</TITLE><BR><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="" NAME="TRANSACTION">
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="6"COLOR="#0000CC">
TRANSACTIONS
</FONT><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="VIEWBAL.HTML">VIEW BALANCE</A><BR><BR>
<LI><A HREF="DEPDETAILS.HTML">DEPOSIT</A><BR><BR>
<LI><A HREF="WITHDETAILS.HTML">WITHDRAW</A><BR><BR>
<LI><A HREF="CLOSING.HTML">CLOSE AN ACCOUNT</A><BR><BR>
<LI><A HREF="USERDETAILS.HTML">EXIT</A></UL>
</CENTER>
</FORM>
</HEAD>
</BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
OUTPUT :
TRANSACTIONS
· VIEW BALANCE
· DEPOSIT
· WITHDRAW
· CLOSE AN ACCOUNT
· EXIT
Program : User Details
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> USER DETAILS </TITLE>
<CENTER><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">USER DETAILS</FONT><BR><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="">
USERNAME:
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="UN"><BR><BR>
PASSWORD:
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="PW"><BR><BR><BR>
INVALID USERNAME OR PASSWORD.
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT"><BR><BR><BR>
Click here to Create<A HREF="NEWACC.HTML">NEW USER</A></CENTER>
</FORM>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output:
USER DETAILS
USERNAME:
PASSWORD:
INVALID USERNAME OR PASSWORD.
Click here to Create :NEW USER
Program : Withdraw
SUBMIT
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><A HREF="TRANSACTIONS.HTML">HOME</A></P>
<TITLE> WITHDRAWAL DETAILS </TITLE><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<CENTER><FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">
WITHDRAWAL DETAILS</FONT><BR><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST
ACTION="http://localhost:8080/bank/resourses/Withdraw.com">
ACCOUNT NO.:<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="ACCOUNTNO"><BR><BR>
AMOUNT:<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="AMT"><BR><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT">
<INPUT TYPE="reset">
</FORM>
</CENTER>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output:
WITHDRAWAL DETAILS
ACCOUNT NO.:
AMOUNT:
SUBMIT Reset
Program : Closing
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><A HREF="TRANSACTIONS.HTML">HOME</A></P>
<TITLE> CLOSING ACCOUNT </TITLE><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<CENTER><FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">
CLOSING ACCOUNT</FONT><BR><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://localhost:8080/bank/resourses/Close.com">
ACCOUNT NO.:<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="ACCOUNTNO"><BR><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT">
<INPUT TYPE="reset">
</FORM>
</CENTER>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output:
CLOSING ACCOUNT
ACCOUNT NO.:
SUBMIT Reset
Program : User Account
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> NEW ACCOUNT FORM </TITLE>
<CENTER><BR><FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">
NEW ACCOUNT FORM</FONT><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://localhost:8080/bank/Signup.com">
<TABLE>
<TR>
<TD>NAME:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="NAME"></TD><BR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>AGE:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="AGE">YRS</TD><BR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>OCCUPATION:</TD>
<TD><SELECT NAME="OCCUPATION">
<OPTION VALUE="" SELECTED>BUSINESS</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="">STUDENT</OPTION>
</SELECT><BR></TD>
</TR> <TR>
<TD>ADDRESS:</TD>
<TD><TEXTAREA NAME="ADDRESS" ROWS="3"
COLS="20"></TEXTAREA><BR></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>PHONE-NUMBER:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="PHONE"><BR></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>ACCOUNT TYPE:</TD>
<TD><SELECT NAME="ACCTYPE">
<OPTION VALUE="" SELECTED>SAVING</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="">CURRENTACC
</SELECT><BR></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>OPENING-DATE:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="OPENDATE"><BR></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>USERNAME:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="USERNAME"><BR></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>PASSWORD:</TD>
59
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="PASSWORD"><BR></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>REENTER PASSWORD:</TD>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="REPWD"></TD>
</TR>
<TR><BR>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT" ></TR><BR><BR><BR>
<TD><INPUT TYPE="reset"></TD>
</FORM>
</CENTER>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output:
NEW ACCOUNT FORM
NAME:
AGE: YRS
OCCUPATION:
ADDRESS:
PHONE-NUMBER:
ACCOUNT TYPE:
OPENING-DATE:
USERNAME:
PASSWORD:
REENTER PASSWORD:
Program : User Details
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> USER DETAILS </TITLE>
BUSINESS
SAVING
SUBMIT
Reset
60
<CENTER><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">USER DETAILS</FONT><BR><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://localhost:8080/bank/Login.com">
USERNAME:
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="UN"><BR><BR>
PASSWORD:
<INPUT TYPE="text" NAME="PW"><BR><BR><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT"><BR><BR><BR>
Click here to Create<A HREF="NEWACC.HTML">NEW USER</A></CENTER>
</FORM>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output:
USER DETAILS
USERNAME:
PASSWORD:
Click here to CreateNEW USER
SUBMIT
61
Program : View Balance
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<P ALIGN="RIGHT"><A HREF="TRANSACTIONS.HTML">HOME</A></P>
<TITLE>VIEW BALANCE</TITLE><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR><BR>
<FORM METHOD=POST ACTION="http://localhost:8080/bank/Balance.com"
NAME="BAL">
<CENTER><FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#0000CC">
VIEW BALANCE</FONT><BR><BR><BR><BR>
ACCOUNT NUMBER: <INPUT TYPE="text"
NAME="ACCNO"><BR><BR><BR>
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="SUBMIT">
</CENTER>
</FORM>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output :
VIEW BALANCE
ACCOUNT NUMBER:
SUBMIT
62
8. Enter into the following text box "34 22 23 435 33 2 1 43 54", for example, and press the
sort numerically button. Or, try entering "this is a test", and press the sort alpha button.
<script type="text/javascript">
function sortit(a,b){
return(a-b)
}
function sortvalues(param){
var inputvalues=document.sorter.sorter2.value.split(" ")
if (param==0) //if sort alphabetically
inputvalues.sort()
else //else if sort numerically
inputvalues.sort(sortit)
document.sorter.sorter2.value=''
for (i=0;i<inputvalues.length-1;i++)
document.sorter.sorter2.value=document.sorter.sorter2.value+inputvalues[i]+" "
document.sorter.sorter2.value+=inputvalues[inputvalues.length-1]
}
</script>
<form name="sorter">
<p>
<textarea rows="10" name="sorter2" cols="50" wrap="virtual"></textarea><br>
<input type="button" value="Sort alphabetically" onClick="sortvalues(0)">
<input type="button" value="Sort numerically" onClick="sortvalues(1)">
<input type="reset" value="Reset">
</form>
63
Output
64
Additional Programs
s.no Programs Page
no
1 Program for implementation of Fonts 23
2 Program for implementation of Table 24
3 Program for implementation of List 27
4 Program for addition of two no’s in java script 28
5 Program for implementation of Switch case 30
6 Program to find maximum of 3 no’s 33
7 Program for Entering a password 35
8 Program for implementation of Thambola 38
9 Program for Factorial 40
10 Program for Addition of two Matrices 42
11 Program for Online Exam 48
12 Program for Bubble Sort 53
13 Program for implementation of Linear Search 55
14 Program for displaying an image on mouse click 59
15 Program for Exhibiting Blending Effect 61
16 Program Code To Exhibit X-ray Effect 63
17 Program Code To Exhibit Shadow Effect 65
18 Program Code To Exhibit Wave Effect 67
19 Program for implementing Animation 69
20 Program To display background Sound 72
21 Program To add video file 76
22 Using JavaScript sort given array in ascending and descending
order.
65
AIM
Write a script for selection sort.
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title> Sort
</title>
<script language="Javascript">
var b,i,j,temp;
var a;
a=[];
document.write("Enter array");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
b=prompt("enter array element=","0");
a[i]=parseInt(b);
}
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
document.write("<br>"+a[i]);
}
document.write("<br>Sorted array is");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
66
{
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
{
if(a[i]<a[j])
{
temp=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=temp;
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
document.write("<br>"+a[i]);
}
</script> </head></html>
67
OUTPUT
Enter array
4
2
5
Sorted array is
2
4
5
68
AIM
Write Java Script that inputs three integers from the user and outputs their
sum, average, largest. Use alert dialog box to display results.
PROGRAM
<html> <head> <title> MAX </title>
<script language="javascript">
var a,b,c,n1,n2,n3,m1,m2,sum,avg;
a=prompt("enter 1st no="," ");
b=prompt("enter 2nd no="," ");
c=prompt("enter 3rd no="," ");
n1=parseInt(a);
n2=parseInt(b);
n3=parseInt(c);
sum=n1+n2+n3;
avg=sum/3;
m1=Math.max(n1,n2);
m2=Math.max(n3,m1);
alert("the sum is= "+sum);
alert("the avg is= "+m2);
alert("the max no is "+m2);
</script> </head></html>
OUTPUT
69
AIM
Write a script to write word equivalent of a check amount.
70
PROGRAM
<html>
<HEAD>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript">
var checkflag = "false";
function check(field)
{
if (checkflag == "false")
{
for (i = 0; i < field.length; i++)
{
field[i].checked = true;}
checkflag = "true";
return "Uncheck All";
}
else
{
for (i = 0; i < field.length; i++)
{
field[i].checked = false;
}
checkflag = "false";
return "Check All";
71
}
}
</script>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<center>
<form name=myform action="" method=post>
<table>
<tr><td>
<b>Your Favorite Scripts & Languages</b><br>
<input type=checkbox name=list value="1">Java<br>
<input type=checkbox name=list value="2">JavaScript<br>
<input type=checkbox name=list value="3">ASP<br>
<input type=checkbox name=list value="4">HTML<br>
<input type=checkbox name=list value="5">SQL<br>
<br>
<inputtype=button value="Check All"
onClick="this.value=check(this.form.list)">
</td></tr>
</table>
</form>
</center>
</body>
</html>
72
OUTPUT
73
AIM
Practice writing css rules
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>style sheets</title>
<style type=”text/css”></head>
em{backgroundcolor:#8000ff;color=white}
h1{font family:Lucida console;color:red}
p{font size:30pt}
sp{color:red}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2class=”sp”>testing</h2>
<em><h1>test</h1></em>
<em>test1</em>
<p>test2</p>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT
74
testing
test
test1
test2
75
AIM
Write a web page that displays grades of a student.
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title> STUDENT GRADES
</title>
<script language="java script">
var a,n,b,c,sum=0,avg=0;
b=prompt("enter student no=","0");
n=parseInt(b);
while(n<=10)
{ a=prompt("enter ur grade=","0");
c=parseInt(a);
sum=sum+c;
n++;
}
avg=sum/n;
document.write("avg is"+avg);
</script>
</head></html>
76
AIM
Write a function that responds to a click anywhere on the page.
PROGRAM
<html>
<body>
<center>
[<a href="/" onMouseOver="document.bgColor='Green'">GREEN</a>]
[<a href="/" onMouseOver="document.bgColor='Red'">RED</a>]
[<a href="/" onMouseOver="document.bgColor='orange'">orange</a>]
[<a href="/" onMouseOver="document.bgColor='green'">brightgreen</a>]
[<a href="/" onMouseOver="document.bgColor='seagreen'">seagreen</a>]
</center>
</body>
</html>
77
OUTPUT
78
AIM
Program for implementation of Fonts
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>Font Test</title>
</head>
<body>
<br><b><font face=”Times New Roman”>Font Check</font></b>
<br><i><font face=”Times New Roman”><font size=4><font color=”black”>All
Operations</font></i>
<br><i><b>Bold italic check</b></i>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT
Font Check
All Operations
Bold italic check
79
AIM
Program for creating a table
PROGRAM
<! code to show the use of tables>
<html>
<head>
<title> Using Tables</title>
</head>
<body><center>
<table border="1" width="5" height="5" bordercolor="red">
<caption> Student Marks </caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Marks</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>alok</td>
<td>90</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>anuj</td>
80
<td>90</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ankush</td>
<td>90</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<th>Avg Marks</th>
<th>90</th>
</tr>
</tfoot>
</body>
</html>
81
OUTPUT
82
AIM
Program for implementation of List
PROGRAM
<html>
<body>
<ul>
<li>list1</li>
</ul><ul> <li>Gnec</li>
<ol>
<li>IT</li>
<li>CSE</li>
<li>ECE</li>
</ol></ol></ul></body></html>
OUTPUT
• list1
• Gnec
1. IT
2. CSE
3. ECE
83
AIM
Write a java script to compute addition of two numbers
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>
Java Script Add
</title>
<script language="java script">
alert("Addition \n of two numbers!");
var num1, num2,n1,n2,sum;
num1=window. prompt("Enter the first number","0");
num2=window. prompt("Enter the second number","0");
n1=parseInt(num1);
n2=parseInt(num2);
sum=n1+n2;
alert("sum is"+sum);
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT
84
Addition of 10 and 20 : 30
85
AIM
Program for implementation of Switch case
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>
USING THE SWITCH STATEMENT
</title>
<script language ="Javascript">
var num=true;var choice,ch,ft,lt,head;
choice=window.prompt(" 1. BOLD 2. ITALICS 3. UNDERLINED
......","1");
ch =parseInt(choice);
switch(ch)
{
case 1: ft="<b>";
lt="</b>";
head="<h1> This is in BOLD </h1>";
break;
case 2: ft="<i>";
lt="</i>";
head="<h1> This is in ITALICS </h1>";
break;
case 3: ft="<u>";
lt="</u>";
86
head="<h1> This is in UNDERLINED </h1>";
break;
default : num=false;
break;
}
if(num==true)
document.write(head+ft+" <h1>Text </h1>"+lt);
else
document.write(" <h1>Wrong Choice ! try again.");
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT
This is in UNDERLINED
Text
AIM
Program to find maximum of 3 no’s
87
PROGRAM
<html>
<head> <title> Maximum of Number </title>
<script language ="Javascript">
var a,b,c,a1,b1,c1,max1,max2;
a=window.prompt("Enter first number >>","0");
b=window.prompt("Enter second number >>","1");
c=window.prompt("Enter third number >>","2");
a1=parseInt(a);
b1=parseInt(b);
c1=parseInt(c);
max1=Math.max(a,b);
max2=Math.max(max1,c);
document.write("<br><br><br><center><h1>Maximum number of
"+a1+", "+b1+" and "+c1+" is "+max2);
</script>
<body></body>
</html>
88
Output
Maximum number of 6, 1 and 9 is 9
89
AIM
Program for Entering a password
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>event clicking</title>
<script language="javascript">
function passwordCheck()
{
var pw=ole.pw.value;
var cpw=ole.cpw.value;
if(pw!=cpw)
window.alert("Re-enter your password");
}
</script></head>
<center>
<body font size=5 bgcolor="cyan" leftmargin=120 topmargin=120 >
<Form id="ole" onSubmit="passwordCheck(this)">
PASSWORD:
 
;
90
<input type=password name="pw"size=10 max length=8 > </input>
<br><br><br>
CONFIRM
PASSWORD
<input type=password name="cpw"size=10 max length=8 > </input>
<br><br><br>
<input type="submit" name="sub" value="submit">
<input type="reset" name="rt" value="reset"></center
</body>
</html>
91
OUTPUT
92
AIM
Program for implementation of Thambola
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title> J Script </title>
<script language="javascript">
var value;
alert("thambola");
document.writeln("<table border=1 width=50% align=center> ");
document.writeln("<caption> Thambola </caption><tr>");
for(var i=1;i<=15;i++)
{
value=Math.floor(1+Math.random()*100);
document.writeln("<td>"+value+"</td>");
if(i%5==0 )
document.writeln("</tr><tr>");
}
document.writeln("</tr></table>");
</script>
93
</head>
</html>
OUTPUT
94
AIM
Program for Factorial
PROGRAM
<html>
<head><u><center><b>RECURSIVE FACTORIAL</b><br></u>
<title>
factorial
</title>
<script lang="javascript">
var i,fact,a,n;
a=prompt("enter any no","0");
n=parseInt(a);
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
res=fact(i);
document.writeln("<br> THE FACTORIAL OF "+i+" IS >> "+res);
}
function fact(x)
{
if(x==0 || x==1)
return(1);
else
return(x*fact(x-1));
}
95
</script>
</head>
</html>
OUTPUT
RECURSIVE FACTORIAL
THE FACTORIAL OF 1 IS >> 1
THE FACTORIAL OF 2 IS >> 2
THE FACTORIAL OF 3 IS >> 6
THE FACTORIAL OF 4 IS >> 24
THE FACTORIAL OF 5 IS >> 120
96
AIM
Program for addition of two matrices
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>Array Addition</title>
<script language="javascript">
var a,n,i,j,b,c;
a=[[],[]];
b=[[],[]];
c=[[],[]];
n=parseInt(window.prompt("Enter the array size"," "));
window.alert("Enter the elements in the first array");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
{
a[i][j]=parseInt(window.prompt("Enter the
element",""));
}
}
window.alert("Enter the elements in the second array");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
97
{
b[i][j]=parseInt(window.prompt("Enter the
element",""));
}
}
document.writeln("<br>The elements of Ist Matrix
are..");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
{
document.writeln(a[i][j]);
}
}
document.writeln("<br>The elements of IInd Matrix are..");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
{
document.writeln(b[i][j]);
}
}
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
{
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
}
}
document.writeln("<br>The addition of matrices is:");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<n;j++)
{
document.writeln(c[i][j]);
}
}
</script>
</head>
</html>
OUTPUTT
The elements of Ist Matrix are.. 1 1 1 1
The elements of IInd Matrix are.. 1 1 1 1
The addition of matrices is: 2 2 2 2
102
AIM
Program for Online Exam
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title> Exam </title>
<script language="Javascript">
function exam(form)
{
var i=0;
if(form.one[2].checked)
i=i+1;
if(form.three[0].checked)
i=i+1;
if(form.four[0].checked)
i=i+1;
if(form.five[1].checked)
i=i+1;
window.alert("score is"+i);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form onSubmit="exam(this)">
<center>Online exam</center>
<P>
<h1>1)Which is platform independent language</h1>
<input type="radio" name="one" value="c++">
<label>c++</label>
<input type="radio" name="one" value="c">
<label>c</label>
<input type="radio" name="one" value="java">
<label>Java</label>
<input type="radio" name="one" value="basic">
<label>BASIC</label>
</P>
<P>
<h1>2)Which is class of all class in java</h1>
<input type="radio" name="three" value="object">
<label>Object</label>
<input type="radio" name="three" value="math">
<label>Math</label>
<input type="radio" name="three" value="system">
<label>System</label>
<input type="radio" name="three" value="graphic">
<label>Graphic</label>
</P>
<P>
<h1>3)Frame package is in which package</h1>
<input type="radio" name="four" value="awt">
<label>AWT</label>
<input type="radio" name="four" value="applet">
<label>Applet</label>
<input type="radio" name="four" value="lang">
<label>Lang</label>
<input type="radio" name="four" value="swing">
<label>Swing</label>
</P>
<P>
<h1>4)Java does not support</h1>
<input type="radio" name="five" value="inheritance">
<label>Inheritance</label>
<input type="radio" name="five" value="multiple inheritance">
<label>Multiple inheritance</label>
<input type="radio" name="five" value="polymorphism">
<label>Polymorphism</label>
<input type="radio" name="five" value="encryption">
<label>Encryption</label>
</P> <P><center>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
<input type="reset" name="reset" value="reset">
</center> </p> </body></html>
OUTPUT
Online exam
1)Which is platform independent language
c++ c Java BASIC
2)Which is class of all class in java
Object Math System Graphic
3)Frame package is in which package
AWT Applet Lang Swing
4)Java does not support
Inheritance Multiple inheritance Polymorphism Encryption
AIM
Program for Bubble Sort
PROGRAM
<html>
submit reset
<head>
<title>Bubble Sort</title>
<script language="JavaScript">
var a=[3,5,2,9,1,8]
var t,n=6;
for( var i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(var j=0;j<n-1;j++)
{
if(a[j]>a[j+1])
{
t=a[j];
a[j]=a[j+1];
a[j+1]=t;
}
}
}
document.write("<h1>The sorted order is: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
document.write(a[i]);
document.write(" ");
}
</script>
</head>
<body topmargin=50 leftmargin=100></body>
</html>
OUTPUT
The sorted order is: 1 2 3 5 8 9
108
AIM
Program for implementation of Linear Search
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>Array Addition</title>
<script language="javascript">
var flag=0,a,n,key,i
var a=new Array(10);
n=parseInt(window.prompt("Enter the size of the array",""));
window.alert("Enter the elements in the array");
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
a[i]=parseInt(window.prompt("Enter the element ",""));
}
key=parseInt(window.prompt("Enter the searching element",""));
for (i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if (a[i]==key)
{
flag=1;
window.alert(" element is found at location "+(i+1));
}
}
109
if (flag==0)
window.alert(" element is not
found");//document.writeln("The element is not found");
</script>
</head>
<body bgcolor="pink">
</body>
</html> 110
OUTPUT
112
AIM
Program for displaying an image on mouse click
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title>onclick image</title>
</head>
<body leftmargin=100 topmargin=100 bgcolor="#111111">
<img name="images" width=200 height=200 src=1.gif "><p>
<form><h3>
<input type="button" value="image1"
onClick="document.images.src='1.gif' ">
<input type="button" value="image2"
onClick="document.images.src='2.gif' ">
<input type="button" value="image3"
onClick="document.images.src='3.gif' ">
</form></h3></body></html>
113
OUTPUT
114
AIM
Program Code To Exhibit Blending Effect
PROGRAM
<html>
<head>
<title> J Script </title>
<script language="javascript">
function blendOut()
{
//textInput.filters("blendTrans").apply();
//textInput.style.visibility="hidden";
textInput.filters("blendTrans").play();
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="textInput" onmouseover="blendOut()" style="width:100;
filter:blendTrans(duration=5)">
<h1> MULTI MEDIA </h1>
</div>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUTCET
116
VIVA questions & Answers
1. What is the difference between procedural and object-oriented programs?-
a) In procedural program, programming logic follows certain procedures and the instructions are executed one after another. In OOP program, unit of program is object, which is nothing but combination of data and code.
b) In procedural program, data is exposed to the whole program whereas in OOPs program, it is accessible with in the object and which in turn assures the security of the code.
2. What are Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism?-
Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and data it manipulates and keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse. Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object. Polymorphism is the feature that allows
one interface to be used for general class actions.
3. What is the difference between Assignment and Initialization?-
Assignment can be done as many times as desired whereas initialization can be done only once.
4. What is OOPs?-
Object oriented programming organizes a program around its data, i. e. , objects and a set of well defined interfaces to that data. An objectoriented program can be characterized as data controlling access to code.
5. What are Class, Constructor and Primitive data types?-
Class is a template for multiple objects with similar features and it is a blue print for objects. It defines a type of object according to the data the object can hold and the operations the object can perform. Constructor is a special kind of method that determines how an object
is initialized when created. Primitive data types are 8 types and they are: byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean, char.
6. What is an Object and how do you allocate memory to it?-
Object is an instance of a class and it is a software unit that combines a structured set of data with a set of operations for inspecting and manipulating that data. When an object is created using new operator, memory is allocated to it.
7. What is the difference between constructor and method?-
Constructor will be automatically invoked when an object is created whereas method has to be called explicitly.
8. What are methods and how are they defined?-
Methods are functions that operate on instances of classes in which they are defined. Objects can communicate with each other using methods and can call methods in other classes. Method definition has four parts. They are name of the method, type of object or primitive type the method returns, a list of parameters and the body of the method. A method’s signature is a combination of the first three parts mentioned above.
9. What is the use of bin and lib in JDK?-
Bin contains all tools such as javac, appletviewer, awt tool, etc., whereas lib contains API and all packages.
10. What is casting?-
Casting is used to convert the value of one type to another.
11. How many ways can an argument be passed to a subroutine and explain
them?-
An argument can be passed in two ways. They are passing by value and passing by reference. Passing by value: This method copies the value of an argument into the formal parameter of the subroutine. Passing by reference: In this method, a reference to an argument (not the value of the argument) is passed to the parameter.ET
12. What is the difference between an argument and a parameter?-
While defining method, variables passed in the method are called parameters. While using those methods, values passed to those variables are called arguments.
13. What are different types of access modifiers?-
public: Any thing declared as public can be accessed from anywhere. private: Any thing declared as private can’t be seen outside of its class. protected: Any thing declared as protected can be accessed by classes in the same package and subclasses in the other packages.
default modifier : Can be accessed only to classes in the same package.
14. What is final, finalize() and finally?-
final : final keyword can be used for class, method and variables. A final class cannot be subclassed and it prevents other programmers from subclassing a secure class to invoke insecure methods. A final method can’t be overridden. A final variable can’t change from its initialized value. finalize() : finalize() method is used just before an object is destroyed and can be called just prior to garbage collection. finally : finally, a key word used in exception
handling, creates a block of code that will be executed after a try/catch block has completed and before the code following the try/catch block. The finally block will execute whether or not an exception is thrown. For example, if a method opens a file upon exit, then you will not want the code that closes the file to be bypassed by the exception-handling mechanism. This finally keyword is designed to address this contingency.
15. What is UNICODE?-
Unicode is used for internal representation of characters and strings and it uses 16 bits to represent each other.
16. What is Garbage Collection and how to call it explicitly?-
When an object is no longer referred to by any variable, java automatically reclaims memory used by that object. This is known as garbage collection. System. gc() method may be used to call it explicitly.
17. What is finalize() method?-
finalize () method is used just before an object is destroyed and can be called just prior to garbage collection.
18. What are Transient and Volatile Modifiers?-
Transient: The transient modifier applies to variables only and it is not stored as part of its object’s Persistent state. Transient variables are not serialized. Volatile: Volatile modifier applies to variables only and it tells the compiler that the variable modified by volatile can be
changed unexpectedly by other parts of the program.
19. What is method overloading and method overriding?-
Method overloading:When a method in a class having the same method name with different arguments is said to be method overloading. Method overriding : When a method in a class
having the same method name with same arguments is said to be method overriding.
20. What is difference between overloading and overriding?-
a) In overloading, there is a relationship between methods available in the same class whereas in overriding, there is relationship between a superclass method and subclass method.
b) Overloading does not block inheritance from the superclass whereas overriding blocks inheritance from the superclass.
c) In overloading, separate methods share the same name whereas in overriding, subclass method replaces the superclass.
d) Overloading must have different method signatures whereas overriding must have
same signature.
21. What is meant by Inheritance and what are its advantages?- Inheritance is the
process of inheriting all the features from a class. The advantages of inheritance are reusability of code and accessibility of variables and methods of the super class by subclasses.
22. What is the difference between this() and super()?-
this() can be used to invoke a constructor of the same class whereas super() can be used to invoke a super class constructor.
23. What is the difference between superclass and subclass?-
A super class is a class that is inherited whereas sub class is a class that does the inheriting.
24. What modifiers may be used with top-level class?-
public, abstract and final can be used for top-level class.
25. What are inner class and anonymous class?-
Inner class : classes defined in other classes, including those defined in methods are called inner classes. An inner class can have any accessibility including private. Anonymous class : Anonymous class is a class defined inside a method without a name and is instantiated and declared in the same place and cannot have explicit constructors.
26. What is a package?-
A package is a collection of classes and interfaces that provides a high-level layer of access protection and name space management.
27. What is a reflection package?-
java. lang. reflect package has the ability to analyze itself in runtime.
28. What is interface and its use?-
Interface is similar to a class which may contain method’s signature only but not bodies and it is a formal set of method and constant declarations that must be defined by the class that implements it. Interfaces are useful for:
a)Declaring methods that one or more classes are expected to implement
b)Capturing similarities between unrelated classes without forcing a class relationship. c)Determining an object’s programming interface without revealing the actual body of the class.
29. What is an abstract class?-
An abstract class is a class designed with implementation gaps for subclasses to fill in and is deliberately incomplete.
30. What is the difference between Integer and int?-
a) Integer is a class defined in the java. lang package, whereas int is a primitive data type defined in the Java language itself. Java does not automatically convert from one to the other.
b) Integer can be used as an argument for a method that requires an object, whereas int can be used for calculations.
31. What is a cloneable interface and how many methods does it contain?-
It is not having any method because it is a TAGGED or MARKER interface.
32. What is the difference between abstract class and interface?-
a) All the methods declared inside an interface are abstract whereas abstract class must have at least one abstract method and others may be concrete or abstract.
b) In abstract class, key word abstract must be used for the methods whereas interface we need not use that keyword for the methods.
c) Abstract class must have subclasses whereas interface
can’t have subclasses.
33. Can you have an inner class inside a method and what variables can you
access?-
Yes, we can have an inner class inside a method and final variables can be accessed.
34. What is the difference between String and String Buffer?-
a) String objects are constants and immutable whereas StringBuffer objects are not.
b) String class supports constant strings whereas StringBuffer class supports growable and
modifiable strings.9
35. What is the difference between Array and vector?-
Array is a set of related data type and static whereas vector is a growable array of objects and dynamic.
36. What is the difference between exception and error?-
The exception class defines mild error conditions that your program encounters. Exceptions can occur when trying to open the file, which does not exist, the network connection is disrupted, operands being manipulated are out of prescribed ranges, the class file you are interested in loading is missing. The error class defines serious error conditions that you should not attempt to recover from. In most cases it is advisable to let the program terminate when such an error is encountered.
37. What is the difference between process and thread?-
Process is a program in execution whereas thread is a separate path of execution in a program.
38. What is multithreading and what are the methods for inter-thread communication and what is the class in which these methods are defined?-
Multithreading is the mechanism in which more than one thread run independent of each other within the process. wait (), notify () and notifyAll() methods can be used for inter-thread communication and these methods are in Object class. wait() : When a thread executes a call to wait() method, it surrenders the object lock and enters into a waiting state. notify() or notifyAll() : To remove a thread from the waiting state, some other thread must make a call to notify() or notifyAll() method on the same object.
39. What is the class and interface in java to create thread and which is the most
advantageous method?-
Thread class and Runnable interface can be used to create threads and using Runnable interface is the most advantageous method to create threads because we need not extend thread class here.
40. What are the states associated in the thread?-
Thread contains ready, running, waiting and dead states.
41. What is synchronization?-
Synchronization is the mechanism that ensures that only one thread is accessed the resources at a time.
42. When you will synchronize a piece of your code?-
When you expect your code will be accessed by different threads and these threads may change a particular data causing data corruption.
43. What is deadlock?-
When two threads are waiting each other and can’t precede the program is said to be deadlock.
44. What is daemon thread and which method is used to create the daemon
thread?-
Daemon thread is a low priority thread which runs intermittently in the back ground doing the garbage collection operation for the java runtime system. setDaemon method is used to create a daemon thread.
45. Are there any global variables in Java, which can be accessed by other part of
your program?-
No, it is not the main method in which you define variables. Global variables is not possible because concept of encapsulation is eliminated here.
46. What is an applet?-
Applet is a dynamic and interactive program that runs inside a web page displayed by a java capable browser.
47. What is the difference between applications and applets?-
a)Application must be run on local machine whereas applet needs no explicit installation on local machine.
b)Application must be run explicitly within a java-compatible virtual machine whereas applet loads and runs itself automatically in a java-enabled browser.
c)Application starts execution with its main method whereas applet starts execution with its init method. e)Application can run with or without graphical user interface whereas applet must run within a graphical user interface.
48. How does applet recognize the height and width?-
Using getParameters() method.
49. When do you use codebase in applet?-
When the applet class file is not in the same directory, codebase is used.
50. What is the lifecycle of an applet?-
init() method - Can be called when an applet is first loaded start() method - Can be called each time an applet is started. paint() method - Can be called when the applet is minimized or maximized. stop() method - Can be used when the browser moves off the applet’s page. destroy() method – Can be called when the browser is finished with the applet.
51. How do you set security in applets?-
using setSecurityManager() method
52. What is an event and what are the models available for event handling?-
An event is an event object that describes a state of change in a source. In other words, event occurs when an action is generated, like pressing button, clicking mouse, selecting a list, etc. There are two types of models for handling events and they are:
a) event-inheritance model and
b) event-delegation model
53. What are the advantages of the model over the event-inheritance model?-
The event-delegation model has two advantages over the event-inheritance model. They
are:
a)It enables event handling by objects other than the ones that generate the events. This allows a clean separation between a component’s design and its use.
b)It performs much better in applications where many events are generated. This performance improvement is due to the fact that the event-delegation model does not have to be repeatedly process unhandled events as is the case of the eventinheritance.
54. What is source and listener?-
source : A source is an object that generates an event. This occurs when the internal state of that object changes in some way. listener : A listener is an object that is notified when an event occurs. It has two major requirements. First, it must have been registered with one or more sources to receive notifications about specific types of events. Second, it must implement methods to receive and process these notifications.
55. What is adapter class?-
An adapter class provides an empty implementation of all methods in an event listener interface. Adapter classes are useful when you want to receive and process only some of the events that are handled by a particular event listener interface. You can define a new class to act listener by extending one of the adapter classes and implementing only those events in which you are interested. For example, the MouseMotionAdapter class has two methods, mouseDragged()and mouseMoved(). The signatures of these empty are exactly as defined in the MouseMotionListener interface. If you are interested in only mouse drag events, then you could simply extend MouseMotionAdapter and implement mouseDragged()
56. What is meant by controls and what are different types of controls in AWT?-
Controls are components that allow a user to interact with your application and the AWT supports the following types of controls: Labels, Push Buttons, Check Boxes, Choice Lists, Lists, Scrollbars, Text Components. These controls are subclasses of Component.
57. What is the difference between choice and list?-
A Choice is displayed in a compact form that requires you to pull it down to see the list of available choices and only one item may be selected from a choice. A List may be displayed in such away that several list items are visible and it supports the selection of one or more list items.
58. What is the difference between scrollbar and scrollpane?-
A Scrollbar is a Component, but not a Container whereas Scrollpane is a Conatiner and handles its own events and perform its own scrolling.
59. What is a layout manager and what are different types of layout managers
available in java AWT?-
A layout manager is an object that is used to organize components in a container. The different layouts are available are FlowLayout, BorderLayout, CardLayout, GridLayout and GridBagLayout.
60. How are the elements of different layouts organized?-
FlowLayout: The elements of a FlowLayout are organized in a top to bottom, left to right fashion. BorderLayout: The elements of a BorderLayout are organized at the borders (North,
South, East and West) and the center of a container. CardLayout: The elements of a CardLayout are stacked, on top of the other, like a deck of cards. GridLayout: The elements of a GridLayout are of equal size and are laid out using the square of a grid. GridBagLayout: The elements of a GridBagLayout are organized according to a grid. However, the elements are of different size and may occupy more than one row or column of the grid. In addition, the rows and columns may have different sizes.
61. Which containers use a Border layout as their default layout?-
Window, Frame and Dialog classes use a BorderLayout as their layout.
62. Which containers use a Flow layout as their default layout?-
Panel and Applet classes use the FlowLayout as their default layout.
63. What are wrapper classes?-
Wrapper classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed as objects.
64. What are Vector, Hashtable, LinkedList and Enumeration?-
Vector : The Vector class provides the capability to implement a growable array of objects.Hashtable : The Hashtable class implements a Hashtable data structure. A Hashtable indexes and stores objects in a dictionary using hash codes as the object’s keys.
Hash codes are integer values that identify objects. LinkedList: Removing or inserting elements in the middle of an array can be done using LinkedList. A LinkedList stores each object in a separate link whereas an array stores object references in consecutive locations. Enumeration: An object that implements the Enumeration interface generates a series of elements, one at a time. It has two methods, namely hasMoreElements() and nextElement(). HasMoreElemnts() tests if this enumeration has more elements and nextElement method returns successive elements of the series.
65. What is the difference between set and list?- Set stores elements in an unordered
way but does not contain duplicate elements, whereas list stores elements in an
ordered way but may contain duplicate elements.
66. What is a stream and what are the types of Streams and classes of the
Streams?- A Stream is an abstraction that either produces or consumes information.
There are two types of Streams and they are: Byte Streams: Provide a convenient
means for handling input and output of bytes. Character Streams: Provide a
convenient means for handling input & output of characters. Byte Streams classes:
Are defined by using two abstract classes, namely InputStream and OutputStream.
Character Streams classes: Are defined by using two abstract classes, namely
Reader and Writer.
67. What is the difference between Reader/Writer and InputStream/Output
Stream?- The Reader/Writer class is character-oriented and the
InputStream/OutputStream class is byte-oriented.
68. What is an I/O filter?- An I/O filter is an object that reads from one stream and
writes to another, usually altering the data in some way as it is passed from one
stream to another.
69. What is serialization and deserialization?- Serialization is the process of writing
the state of an object to a byte stream. Deserialization is the process of restoring
these objects.
70. What is JDBC?- JDBC is a set of Java API for executing SQL statements. This
API consists of a set of classes and interfaces to enable programs to write pure Java
Database applications.
71. What are drivers available?- a) JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver b) Native API Partly-
Java driver c) JDBC-Net Pure Java driver d) Native-Protocol Pure Java driver
72. What is the difference between JDBC and ODBC?- a) OBDC is for Microsoft
and JDBC is for Java applications. b) ODBC can’t be directly used with Java
because it uses a C interface. c) ODBC makes use of pointers which have been
removed totally from Java. d) ODBC mixes simple and advanced features together
and has complex options for simple queries. But JDBC is designed to keep things
simple while allowing advanced capabilities when required. e) ODBC requires
manual installation of the ODBC driver manager and driver on all client machines.
JDBC drivers are written in Java and JDBC code is automatically installable,
secure, and portable on all platforms. f) JDBC API is a natural Java interface and is
built on ODBC. JDBC retains some of the basic features of ODBC.
73. What are the types of JDBC Driver Models and explain them?- There are two
types of JDBC Driver Models and they are: a) Two tier model and b) Three tier
model Two tier model: In this model, Java applications interact directly with the
database. A JDBC driver is required to communicate with the particular database
management system that is being accessed. SQL statements are sent to the database
and the results are given to user. This model is referred to as client/server
configuration where user is the client and the machine that has the database is called
as the server. Three tier model: A middle tier is introduced in this model. The
functions of this model are: a) Collection of SQL statements from the client and
handing it over to the database, b) Receiving results from database to the client and
c) Maintaining control over accessing and updating of the above.
74. What are the steps involved for making a connection with a database or how
do you connect to a database?a) Loading the driver : To load the driver, Class.
forName() method is used. Class. forName(”sun. jdbc. odbc. JdbcOdbcDriver”);
When the driver is loaded, it registers itself with the java. sql. DriverManager class
as an available database driver. b) Making a connection with database: To open a
connection to a given database, DriverManager. getConnection() method is used.
Connection con = DriverManager. getConnection (”jdbc:odbc:somedb”, “user”,
“password”); c) Executing SQL statements : To execute a SQL query, java. sql.
statements class is used. createStatement() method of Connection to obtain a new
Statement object. Statement stmt = con. createStatement(); A query that returns data
can be executed using the executeQuery() method of Statement. This method
executes the statement and returns a java. sql. ResultSet that encapsulates the
retrieved data: ResultSet rs = stmt. executeQuery(”SELECT * FROM some table”);
d) Process the results : ResultSet returns one row at a time. Next() method of
ResultSet object can be called to move to the next row. The getString() and
getObject() methods are used for retrieving column values: while(rs. next()) { String
event = rs. getString(”event”); Object count = (Integer) rs. getObject(”count”);
75. What type of driver did you use in project?- JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver (is a
driver that uses native(C language) libraries and makes calls to an existing ODBC
driver to access a database engine).
76. What are the types of statements in JDBC?- Statement: to be used
createStatement() method for executing single SQL statement PreparedStatement —
To be used preparedStatement() method for executing same SQL statement over
and over. CallableStatement — To be used prepareCall() method for multiple SQL
statements over and over.
77. What is stored procedure?- Stored procedure is a group of SQL statements that
forms a logical unit and performs a particular task. Stored Procedures are used to
encapsulate a set of operations or queries to execute on database. Stored procedures
can be compiled and executed with different parameters and results and may have
any combination of input/output parameters.
78. How to create and call stored procedures?- To create stored procedures: Create
procedure procedurename (specify in, out and in out parameters) BEGIN Any
multiple SQL statement; END; To call stored procedures: CallableStatement csmt =
con. prepareCall(”{call procedure name(?,?)}”); csmt. registerOutParameter(column
no. , data type); csmt. setInt(column no. , column name) csmt. execute();
79. What is servlet?- Servlets are modules that extend request/response-oriented
servers, such as java-enabled web servers. For example, a servlet might be
responsible for taking data in an HTML order-entry form and applying the business
logic used to update a company’s order database.
80. What are the classes and interfaces for servlets?- There are two packages in
servlets and they are javax. servlet and
81. What is the difference between an applet and a servlet?- a) Servlets are to
servers what applets are to browsers. b) Applets must have graphical user interfaces
whereas servlets have no graphical user interfaces.
82. What is the difference between doPost and doGet methods?- a) doGet() method
is used to get information, while doPost() method is used for posting information. b)
doGet() requests can’t send large amount of information and is limited to 240-255
characters. However, doPost()requests passes all of its data, of unlimited length. c)
A doGet() request is appended to the request URL in a query string and this allows
the exchange is visible to the client, whereas a doPost() request passes directly over
the socket connection as part of its HTTP request body and the exchange are
invisible to the client.
83. What is the life cycle of a servlet?- Each Servlet has the same life cycle: a) A
server loads and initializes the servlet by init () method. b) The servlet handles zero
or more client’s requests through service() method. c) The server removes the
servlet through destroy() method.
84. Who is loading the init() method of servlet?- Web server
85. What are the different servers available for developing and deploying
Servlets?- a) Java Web Server b) JRun g) Apache Server h) Netscape Information
Server i) Web Logic
86. How many ways can we track client and what are they?- The servlet API
provides two ways to track client state and they are: a) Using Session tracking and
b) Using Cookies.
87. What is session tracking and how do you track a user session in servlets?-
Session tracking is a mechanism that servlets use to maintain state about a series
requests from the same user across some period of time. The methods used for
session tracking are: a) User Authentication - occurs when a web server restricts
access to some of its resources to only those clients that log in using a recognized
username and password. b) Hidden form fields - fields are added to an HTML form
that are not displayed in the client’s browser. When the form containing the fields is
submitted, the fields are sent back to the server. c) URL rewriting - every URL that
the user clicks on is dynamically modified or rewritten to include extra information.
The extra information can be in the form of extra path information, added
parameters or some custom, server-specific URL change. d) Cookies - a bit of
information that is sent by a web server to a browser and which can later be read
back from that browser. e) HttpSession- places a limit on the number of sessions
that can exist in memory. This limit is set in the session. maxresidents property.
88. What is Server-Side Includes (SSI)?- Server-Side Includes allows embedding
servlets within HTML pages using a special servlet tag. In many servlets that
support servlets, a page can be processed by the server to include output from
servlets at certain points inside the HTML page. This is accomplished using a
special internal SSINCLUDE, which processes the servlet tags. SSINCLUDE
servlet will be invoked whenever a file with an. shtml extension is requested. So
HTML files that include server-side includes must be stored with an . shtml
extension.
89. What are cookies and how will you use them?- Cookies are a mechanism that a
servlet uses to have a client hold a small amount of state-information associated
with the user. a) Create a cookie with the Cookie constructor: public Cookie(String
name, String value) b) A servlet can send a cookie to the client by passing a Cookie
object to the addCookie() method of HttpServletResponse: public void
HttpServletResponse. addCookie(Cookie cookie) c) A servlet retrieves cookies by
calling the getCookies() method of HttpServletRequest: public Cookie[ ]
HttpServletRequest. getCookie().
90. Is it possible to communicate from an applet to servlet and how many ways and
how?- Yes, there are three ways to communicate from an applet to servlet and they
are: a) HTTP Communication(Text-based and object-based) b) Socket
Communication c) RMI Communication
91. What is connection pooling?- With servlets, opening a database connection is a
major bottleneck because we are creating and tearing down a new connection for
every page request and the time taken to create connection will be more. Creating a
connection pool is an ideal approach for a complicated servlet. With a connection
pool, we can duplicate only the resources we need to duplicate rather than the entire
servlet. A connection pool can also intelligently manage the size of the pool and
make sure each connection remains valid. A number of connection pool packages
are currently available. Some like DbConnectionBroker are freely available from
Java Exchange Works by creating an object that dispenses connections and
connection Ids on request. The ConnectionPool class maintains a Hastable, using
Connection objects as keys and Boolean values as stored values. The Boolean value
indicates whether a connection is in use or not. A program calls getConnection()
method of the ConnectionPool for getting Connection object it can use; it calls
returnConnection() to give the connection back to the pool.
92. Why should we go for interservlet communication?- Servlets running together in
the same server communicate with each other in several ways. The three major
reasons to use interservlet communication are: a) Direct servlet manipulation -
allows to gain access to the other currently loaded servlets and perform certain tasks
(through the ServletContext object) b) Servlet reuse - allows the servlet to reuse the
public methods of another servlet. c) Servlet collaboration - requires to
communicate with each other by sharing specific information (through method
invocation)
93. Is it possible to call servlet with parameters in the URL?- Yes. You can call a
servlet with parameters in the syntax as (?Param1 = xxx || m2 = yyy).
94. What is Servlet chaining?- Servlet chaining is a technique in which two or more
servlets can cooperate in servicing a single request. In servlet chaining, one servlet’s
output is piped to the next servlet’s input. This process continues until the last
servlet is reached. Its output is then sent back to the client.
95. How do servlets handle multiple simultaneous requests?- The server has
multiple threads that are available to handle requests. When a request comes in, it is
assigned to a thread, which calls a service method (for example: doGet(), doPost()
and service()) of the servlet. For this reason, a single servlet object can have its
service methods called by many threads at once.
96. What is the difference between TCP/IP and UDP?- TCP/IP is a two-way
communication between the client and the server and it is a reliable and there is a
confirmation regarding reaching the message to the destination. It is like a phone
call. UDP is a one-way communication only between the client and the server and it
is not a reliable and there is no confirmation regarding reaching the message to the
destination. It is like a postal mail.
97. What is Inet address?- Every computer connected to a network has an IP address.
An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies each computer on the Net. An IP
address is a 32-bit number.
98.What is Domain Naming Service(DNS)?- It is very difficult to remember a set of
numbers(IP address) to connect to the Internet. The Domain Naming Service(DNS)
is used to overcome this problem. It maps one particular IP address to a string of
characters. For example, www. mascom. com implies com is the domain name
reserved for US commercial sites, moscom is the name of the company and www is
the name of the specific computer, which is mascom’s server.
99. What is URL?- URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator and it points to resource
files on the Internet. URL has four components: http://www. address.
com:80/index.html, where http - protocol name, address - IP address or host name,
80 - port number and index.html - file path.
100. What is RMI and steps involved in developing an RMI object?- Remote
Method Invocation (RMI) allows java object that executes on one machine and to
invoke the method of a Java object to execute on another machine. The steps
involved in developing an RMI object are: a) Define the interfaces b) Implementing
these interfaces c) Compile the interfaces and their implementations with the java
compiler d) Compile the server implementation with RMI compiler e) Run the RMI
registry f) Run the application
101. What is RMI architecture?- RMI architecture consists of four layers and
each layer performs specific functions: a) Application layer - contains the actual
object definition. b) Proxy layer - consists of stub and skeleton. c) Remote
Reference layer - gets the stream of bytes from the transport layer and sends it to the
proxy layer. d) Transportation layer - responsible for handling the actual machineto-
machine communication.
102. what is UnicastRemoteObject?- All remote objects must extend
UnicastRemoteObject, which provides functionality that is needed to make objects
available from remote machines.
103. Explain the methods, rebind() and lookup() in Naming class?- rebind()
of the Naming class(found in java. rmi) is used to update the RMI registry on the
server machine. Naming. rebind(”AddSever”, AddServerImpl); lookup() of the
Naming class accepts one argument, the rmi URL and returns a reference to an
object of type AddServerImpl.
104. What is a Java Bean?- A Java Bean is a software component that has been
designed to be reusable in a variety of different environments.
105. What is a Jar file?- Jar file allows to efficiently deploying a set of classes
and their associated resources. The elements in a jar file are compressed, which
makes downloading a Jar file much faster than separately downloading several
uncompressed files. The package java. util. zip contains classes that read and write
jar files.
106. What is BDK?- BDK, Bean Development Kit is a tool that enables to
create, configure and connect a set of set of Beans and it can be used to test Beans
without writing a code.
107. What is JSP?- JSP is a dynamic scripting capability for web pages that
allows Java as well as a few special tags to be embedded into a web file
(HTML/XML, etc). The suffix traditionally ends with .jsp to indicate to the web
server that the file is a JSP files. JSP is a server side technology - you can’t do any
client side validation with it. The advantages are: a) The JSP assists in making the
HTML more functional. Servlets on the other hand allow outputting of HTML but it
is a tedious process. b) It is easy to make a change and then let the JSP capability of
the web server you are using deal with compiling it into a servlet and running it.
108. What are JSP scripting elements?- JSP scripting elements lets to insert
Java code into the servlet that will be generated from the current JSP page. There
are three forms: a) Expressions of the form <%= expression %> that are evaluated
and inserted into the output, b) Scriptlets of the formthat are inserted into the
servlet’s service method, and c) Declarations of the form <%! Code %>that are
inserted into the body of the servlet class, outside of any existing methods.
109. What are JSP Directives?- A JSP directive affects the overall structure of
the servlet class. It usually has the following form:<%@ directive attribute=”value”
%> However, you can also combine multiple attribute settings for a single directive,
as follows:<%@ directive attribute1=”value1″ attribute 2=”value2″ . . . attributeN
=”valueN” %> There are two main types of directive: page, which lets to do things
like import classes, customize the servlet superclass, and the like; and include,
which lets to insert a file into the servlet class at the time the JSP file is translated
into a servlet
110. What are Predefined variables or implicit objects?- To simplify code in
JSP expressions and scriptlets, we can use eight automatically defined variables,
sometimes called implicit objects. They are request, response, out, session,
application, config, pageContext, and page.
111. What are JSP ACTIONS?- JSP actions use constructs in XML syntax to
control the behavior of the servlet engine. You can dynamically insert a file, reuse
JavaBeans components, forward the user to another page, or generate HTML for the
Java plugin. Available actions include: jsp:include - Include a file at the time the
page is requested. jsp:useBean - Find or instantiate a JavaBean. jsp:setProperty - Set
the property of a JavaBean. jsp:getProperty - Insert the property of a JavaBean into
the output. jsp:forward - Forward the requester to a newpage. Jsp: plugin - Generate
browser-specific code that makes an OBJECT or EMBED
112. How do you pass data (including JavaBeans) to a JSP from a servlet?-
(1) Request Lifetime: Using this technique to pass beans, a request dispatcher (using
either “include” or forward”) can be called. This bean will disappear after
processing this request has been completed. Servlet: request.
setAttribute(”theBean”, myBean); RequestDispatcher rd = getServletContext().
getRequestDispatcher(”thepage. jsp”); rd. forward(request, response); JSP
PAGE:<jsp: useBean id=”theBean” scope=”request” class=”. . . . . ” />(2) Session
Lifetime: Using this technique to pass beans that are relevant to a particular session
(such as in individual user login) over a number of requests. This bean will
disappear when the session is invalidated or it times out, or when you remove it.
Servlet: HttpSession session = request. getSession(true); session.
putValue(”theBean”, myBean); /* You can do a request dispatcher here, or just let
the bean be visible on the next request */ JSP Page:<jsp:useBean id=”theBean”
scope=”session” class=”. . . ” /> 3) Application Lifetime: Using this technique to
pass beans that are relevant to all servlets and JSP pages in a particular app, for all
users. For example, I use this to make a JDBC connection pool object available to
the various servlets and JSP pages in my apps. This bean will disappear when the
servlet engine is shut down, or when you remove it. Servlet: GetServletContext().
setAttribute(”theBean”, myBean); JSP PAGE:<jsp:useBean id=”theBean”
scope=”application” class=”. . . ” />
113. How can I set a cookie in JSP?- response. setHeader(”Set-Cookie”,
“cookie string”); To give the response-object to a bean, write a method setResponse
(HttpServletResponse response) - to the bean, and in jsp-file:<% bean. setResponse
(response); %>
114. How can I delete a cookie with JSP?- Say that I have a cookie called “foo,
” that I set a while ago & I want it to go away. I simply: <% Cookie killCookie =
new Cookie(”foo”, null); KillCookie. setPath(”/”); killCookie. setMaxAge(0);
response. addCookie(killCookie); %>
115. How are Servlets and JSP Pages related?- JSP pages are focused around
HTML (or XML) with Java codes and JSP tags inside them. When a web server that
has JSP support is asked for a JSP page, it checks to see if it has already compiled
the page into a servlet. Thus, JSP pages become servlets and are transformed into
pure Java and then compiled, loaded into the server and executed.
Serlets
What is the difference between application server and web server?
An web server is responsible for handling HttpRequests whereas appliation server is
responsible for handling business logics. app server has inbuilt features like load balancing,
clusters, caches and resource & connection pooling etc. Using application server we can
develop reusable components. Application server is a super set of web server.
web server is used for executing JSP and servlets. application server is used for executing
EJB related components
Difference between throw and throws :
throw -- to explicitly throw an exception
throws --- means that exception will be handled by the called method.
1. Difference between HashTable and hashMap ?
---------------------------------------------
Both provide key-value access to data. The Hashtable is one of the original
collection classes in Java. HashMap is part of the new Collections Framework, added with
Java 2, v1.2. The key difference between the two is that access to the Hashtable is
synchronized on the table while access to the HashMap isn't. You can add it, but it isn't
there by default. Another difference is that iterator in the HashMap is fail-safe while the
enumerator for the Hashtable isn't. If you change the map while iterating, you'll know. And,
a third difference is that HashMap permits null values in it, while Hashtable doesn't. For
new code,we can use HashMap.
2.What is the diffrence between Array,Vector,ArryList,LinkedList and HashTable
with HashMap with example and situation?
Once u create an array (of any type) u can't change the array size at dynamically. it
is not synchronized. U can view a Vector as a dynamic array. U can resize the vector at
runtime. u can add/remove element in a vector at runtime. it is synchronized. An ArrayList
is a class which implements the List interface. This again is resizable and u hav all the
functionalities of a list. it is not synchronized. Note : u can hav duplicates in ArrayList. A
LinkedList is an implementation of the calssical 'C' linked list. U can get, remove or insert
elements. HashTable is basically a key-value pair collection. Key has to be unique. U can
do get and put. HashMap is implementation of Map interface. U can hav null key or null
value. Use when u require constant time performance.
3.What is the difference between servlet & CGI?
-----------------------------------------------
For each HTTP request, CGI will start a new process. whereas in servlet, init()
method will be called, only when first HTTP request came. for subsequent request an
thread is created.
4.What is the difference between the Serlvet single threaded model and multi
threaded model?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Typically, a servlet class is instantiated the first time it is invoked. The same
instance will be used over several client requests, so all members that are declared in that
servlet are shared accross clients. That is what is meant by multi threaded model, multiple
clients that access the same instance.
There are situations where you want to protect your servlet member variables from
being modified by different clients. In this case, you can have your servlet implement the
marker interface SingleThreadModel. Every time a client makes a request to a servlet that
implements this interface, the engine will create a new instance of the servlet. For
performance reasons, the engine can also maintain a instance pool, handing out instances as
they are needed. Or it could also serialize client requests, executing one after another.
5. How to read environment variables from a Servlet?
A:ServletConfig.getParameter(String param_name)
Q: What is the difference between an Interface and an Abstract class?
A: An Abstract class declares have at least one instance method that is declared abstract
which will be implemented by the subclasses. An abstract class can have instance methods
that implement a default behavior. An Interface can only declare constants and instance
methods, but cannot implement default behavior.
All memeber variable of an interface is "public static final"
Q: What is the purpose of garbage collection in Java, and when is it used?
A: The purpose of garbage collection is to identify and discard objects that are no longer
needed by a program so that their resources can be reclaimed and reused. A Java object is
subject to garbage collection when it becomes unreachable to the program in which it is
used.
Q: Describe synchronization in respect to multithreading.
A: With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of
multiple threads to shared resources. Without synchonization, it is possible for one thread
to modify a shared variable while another thread is in the process of using or updating same
shared variable. This usually leads to significant errors.
Q: Explain different way of using thread?
A: The thread could be implemented by using runnable interface or by inheriting from the
Thread class. The former is more advantageous, 'cause when you are going for multiple
inheritance..the only interface can help.
Q: What are pass by reference and passby value?
A: Pass By Reference means the passing the address itself rather than passing the value.
Passby Value means passing a copy of the value to be passed.
Q: What is HashMap and Map?
A: Map is Interface and Hashmap is class that implements that.
Q: Difference between HashMap and HashTable?
A: The HashMap class is roughly equivalent to Hashtable, except that it is unsynchronized
and permits nulls. (HashMap allows null values as key and value whereas Hashtable doesnt
allow). HashMap does not guarantee that the order of the map will remain constant over
time. HashMap is non synchronized and Hashtable is synchronized.
Q: Difference between Vector and ArrayList?
A: Vector is synchronized whereas arraylist is not.
Q: Difference between Swing and Awt?
A: AWT are heavy-weight componenets. Swings are light-weight components. Hence
swing works faster than AWT.
Q: What is the difference between a constructor and a method?
A: A constructor is a member function of a class that is used to create objects of that class.
It has the same name as the class itself, has no return type, and is invoked using the new
operator.
A method is an ordinary member function of a class. It has its own name, a return type
(which may be void), and is invoked using the dot operator.
Q: What is an Iterators?
A: Some of the collection classes provide traversal of their contents via a java.util.Iterator
interface. This interface allows you to walk a collection of objects, operating on each object
in turn. Remember when using Iterators that they contain a snapshot of the collection at the
time the Iterator was obtained; generally it is not advisable to modify the collection itself
while traversing an Iterator.
Q: What is an abstract class?
A: Abstract class must be extended/subclassed (to be useful). It serves as a template. A
class that is abstract may not be instantiated (ie, you may not call its constructor), abstract
class may contain static data. Any class with an abstract method is automatically abstract
itself, and must be declared as such.
A class may be declared abstract even if it has no abstract methods. This prevents it from
being instantiated.
Q: What is static in java?
A: Static means one per class, not one for each object no matter how many instance of a
class might exist. This means that you can use them without creating an instance of a
class.Static methods are implicitly final, because overriding is done based on the type of the
object, and static methods are attached to a class, not an object. A static method in a
superclass can be shadowed by another static method in a subclass, as long as the original
method was not declared final. However, you can't override a static method with a nonstatic
method. In other words, you can't change a static method into an instance method in a
subclass.
Q: What is final?
A: A final class can't be extended ie., final class may not be subclassed. A final method
can't be overridden when its class is inherited. You can't change value of a final variable (is
a constant).
Q: What if the main method is declared as private?
A: The program compiles properly but at runtime it will give "Main method not public."
message.
Q: What if the static modifier is removed from the signature of the main method?
A: Program compiles. But at runtime throws an error "NoSuchMethodError".
Q: What if I write static public void instead of public static void?
A: Program compiles and runs properly.
Q: What if I do not provide the String array as the argument to the method?
A: Program compiles but throws a runtime error "NoSuchMethodError".
Q: What is the first argument of the String array in main method?
A: The String array is empty. It does not have any element. This is unlike C/C++ where the
first element by default is the program name.
Q: If I do not provide any arguments on the command line, then the String array of
Main method will be empty of null?
A: It is empty. But not null.
Q: How can one prove that the array is not null but empty?
A: Print args.length. It will print 0. That means it is empty. But if it would have been null
then it would have thrown a NullPointerException on attempting to print args.length.
Q: What environment variables do I need to set on my machine in order to be able to
run Java programs?
A: CLASSPATH and PATH are the two variables.
Q: Can an application have multiple classes having main method?
A: Yes it is possible. While starting the application we mention the class name to be run.
The JVM will look for the Main method only in the class whose name you have mentioned.
Hence there is not conflict amongst the multiple classes having main method.
Q: Can I have multiple main methods in the same class?
A: No the program fails to compile. The compiler says that the main method is already
defined in the class.
Q: Do I need to import java.lang package any time? Why ?
A: No. It is by default loaded internally by the JVM.
Q: Can I import same package/class twice? Will the JVM load the package twice at
runtime?
A: One can import the same package or same class multiple times. Neither compiler nor
JVM complains abt it. And the JVM will internally load the class only once no matter how
many times you import the same class.
Q: What are Checked and UnChecked Exception?
A: A checked exception is some subclass of Exception (or Exception itself), excluding
class RuntimeException and its subclasses.
Making an exception checked forces client programmers to deal with the possibility that the
exception will be thrown. eg, IOException thrown by java.io.FileInputStream's read()
method·
Unchecked exceptions are RuntimeException and any of its subclasses. Class Error and its
subclasses also are unchecked. With an unchecked exception, however, the compiler
doesn't force client programmers either to catch the
exception or declare it in a throws clause. In fact, client programmers may not even know
that the exception could be thrown. eg, StringIndexOutOfBoundsException thrown by
String's charAt() method· Checked exceptions must be caught at compile time. Runtime
exceptions do not need to be. Errors often cannot be.
Q: What is Overriding?
A: When a class defines a method using the same name, return type, and arguments as a
method in its superclass, the method in the class overrides the method in the superclass.
When the method is invoked for an object of the class, it is the new definition of the
method that is called, and not the method definition from superclass. Methods may be
overridden to be more public, not more private.
Q: What are different types of inner classes?
A: Nested top-level classes, Member classes, Local classes, Anonymous classes
Nested top-level classes- If you declare a class within a class and specify the static
modifier, the compiler treats the class just like any other top-level class.
Any class outside the declaring class accesses the nested class with the declaring class
name acting similarly to a package. eg, outer.inner. Top-level inner classes implicitly have
access only to static variables.There can also be inner interfaces. All of these are of the
nested top-level variety.
Member classes - Member inner classes are just like other member methods and member
variables and access to the member class is restricted, just like methods and variables. This
means a public member class acts similarly to a nested top-level class. The primary
difference between member classes and nested top-level classes is that member classes
have access to the specific instance of the enclosing class.
Local classes - Local classes are like local variables, specific to a block of code. Their
visibility is only within the block of their declaration. In order for the class to be useful
beyond the declaration block, it would need to implement a
more publicly available interface.Because local classes are not members, the modifiers
public, protected, private, and static are not usable.
Anonymous classes - Anonymous inner classes extend local inner classes one level further.
As anonymous classes have no name, you cannot provide a constructor.
Q: What is the difference between declaring a variable and defining a variable?
A: In declaration we just mention the type of the variable and it's name. We do not initialize
it. But defining means declaration + initialization.
e.g String s; is just a declaration while String s = new String ("abcd"); Or String s = "abcd";
are both definitions.
Q: What is the default value of an object reference declared as an instance variable?
A: null unless we define it explicitly.
Q: What type of parameter passing does Java support?
A: Java supports both pass by value as well as pass by reference.
Q: Primitive data types are passed by reference or pass by value?
A: Primitive data types are passed by value.
Q: Objects are passed by value or by reference?
A: Objects are always passed by reference. Thus any modifications done to an object inside
the called method will always reflect in the caller method.
Q: What is serialization?
A: Serialization is a mechanism by which you can save the state of an object by converting
it to a byte stream.
Q: Which methods of Serializable interface should I implement?
A: The serializable interface is an empty interface, it does not contain any methods. So
we do not implement any methods.
Q: What is the common usage of serialization?
A: Whenever an object is to be sent over the network, objects need to be serialized.
Moreover if the state of an object is to be saved, objects need to be serilazed.
Q: What is Externalizable interface?
A: Externalizable is an interface which contains two methods readExternal and
writeExternal. These methods give you a control over the serialization mechanism. Thus if
your class implements this interface, you can customize the serialization process by
implementing these methods.
Q: What happens to the object references included in the object?
A: The serialization mechanism generates an object graph for serialization. Thus it
determines whether the included object references are serializable or not. This is a recursive
process. Thus when an object is serialized, all the included objects are also serialized
alongwith the original object.
Q: What one should take care of while serializing the object?
A: One should make sure that all the included objects are also serializable. If any of the
objects is not serializable then it throws a NotSerializableException.
Q: What happens to the static fields of a class during serialization? Are these fields
serialized as a part of each serialized object?
A: Yes the static fields do get serialized. If the static field is an object then it must have
implemented Serializable interface. The static fields are serialized as a part of every object.
But the commonness of the static fields across all the instances is maintained even after
serialization.
Q: Does Java provide any construct to find out the size of an object?
A: No there is not sizeof operator in Java. So there is not direct way to determine the size of
an object directly in Java.
[ Received from Sandesh Sadhale] TOP
Q: What are wrapper classes?
A: Java provides specialized classes corresponding to each of the primitive data types.
These are called wrapper classes. They are e.g. Integer, Character, Double etc.
Q: Why do we need wrapper classes?
A: It is sometimes easier to deal with primitives as objects. Moreover most of the collection
classes store objects and not primitive data types. And also the wrapper classes provide
many utility methods also. Because of these resons we need wrapper classes. And since we
create instances of these classes we can store them in any of the collection classes and pass
them around as a collection. Also we can pass them around as method parameters where a
method expects an object.
Q: What are checked exceptions?
A: Checked exception are those which the Java compiler forces you to catch. e.g.
IOException are checked Exceptions.
Q: What are runtime exceptions?
A: Runtime exceptions are those exceptions that are thrown at runtime because of either
wrong input data or because of wrong business logic etc. These are not checked by the
compiler at compile time.
Q: What is the difference between error and an exception?
A: An error is an irrecoverable condition occurring at runtime. Such as OutOfMemory
error. These JVM errors and you can not repair them at runtime. While exceptions are
conditions that occur because of bad input etc. e.g. FileNotFoundException will be thrown
if the specified file does not exist. Or a NullPointerException will take place if you try
using a null reference. In most of the cases it is possible to recover from an exception
(probably by giving user a feedback for entering proper values etc.).
Q: How to create custom exceptions?
A: Your class should extend class Exception, or some more specific type thereof.
Q: What happens to an unhandled exception?
A: One can not do anytihng in this scenarion. Because Java does not allow multiple
inheritance and does not provide any exception interface as well.
Q: How does an exception permeate through the code?
A: An unhandled exception moves up the method stack in search of a matching When an
exception is thrown from a code which is wrapped in a try block followed by one or more
catch blocks, a search is made for matching catch block. If a matching type is found then
that block will be invoked. If a matching type is not found then the exception moves up the
method stack and reaches the caller method. Same procedure is repeated if the caller
method is included in a try catch block. This process continues until a catch block handling
the appropriate type of exception is found. If it does not find such a block then finally the
program terminates.
Q: What are the different ways to handle exceptions?
A: There are two ways to handle exceptions,
1. By wrapping the desired code in a try block followed by a catch block to catch the
exceptions. and
2. List the desired exceptions in the throws clause of the method and let the caller of the
method hadle those exceptions.
1. How can you achieve Multiple Inheritance in Java?
Java's interface mechanism can be used to implement multiple inheritance, with one
important difference
from c++ way of doing MI: the inherited interfaces must be abstract. This obviates the need
to choose
between different implementations, as with interfaces there are no implementations.
3. Searching a String
String string = "aString";
// First occurrence.
int index = string.indexOf('S'); // 1
// Last occurrence.
index = string.lastIndexOf('i'); // 4
// Not found.
index = string.lastIndexOf('z'); // -1
4. Connecting to a Database and Strings Handling
Constructing a String
If you are constructing a string with several appends, it may be more efficient to construct it
using a
StringBuffer and then convert it to an immutable String object.
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer("Initial Text");
// Modify
int index = 1;
buf.insert(index, "abc");
buf.append("def");
// Convert to string
String s = buf.toString();
Getting a Substring from a String
int start = 1;
int end = 4;
String substr = "aString".substring(start, end); // Str
5. What is a transient variable?
A transient variable is a variable that may not be serialized. If you don't want some field not
to be serialized,
you can mark that field transient or static.
6. What is the difference between Serializalble and Externalizable interface?
When you use Serializable interface, your class is serialized automatically by default. But
you can override
writeObject() and readObject()two methods to control more complex object serailization
process. When you
use Externalizable interface, you have a complete control over your class's serialization
process.
7. How many methods in the Externalizable interface?
There are two methods in the Externalizable interface. You have to implement these two
methods in order
to make your class externalizable. These two methods are readExternal() and
writeExternal().
8. How many methods in the Serializable interface?
There is no method in the Serializable interface. The Serializable interface acts as a marker,
telling the
object serialization tools that your class is serializable.
9. How to make a class or a bean serializable?
By implementing either the java.io.Serializable interface, or the java.io.Externalizable
interface. As long as
one class in a class's inheritance hierarchy implements Serializable or Externalizable, that
class is
serializable.
10. What is the serialization?
The serialization is a kind of mechanism that makes a class or a bean persistence by having
its properties
or fields and state information saved and restored to and from storage.
11. What are synchronized methods and synchronized statements?
Synchronized methods are methods that are used to control access to an object. A thread
only executes a
synchronized method after it has acquired the lock for the method's object or class.
Synchronized
statements are similar to synchronized methods. A synchronized statement can only be
executed after a
thread has acquired the lock for the object or class referenced in the synchronized
statement.
12. What is synchronization and why is it important?
With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of
multiple threads to
shared resources. Without synchronization, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared
object while
another thread is in the process of using or updating that object's value. This often causes
dirty data and
leads to significant errors.
13. What is the purpose of finalization?
The purpose of finalization is to give an unreachable object the opportunity to perform any
cleanup
processing before the object is garbage collected.
14. What classes of exceptions may be caught by a catch clause?
A catch clause can catch any exception that may be assigned to the Throwable type. This
includes the
Error and Exception types.
15. What is the difference between the Reader/Writer class hierarchy and the
InputStream/OutputStream
class hierarchy?
The Reader/Writer class hierarchy is character-oriented, and the InputStream/OutputStream
class hierarchy
is byte-oriented.
16. What happens when a thread cannot acquire a lock on an object?
If a thread attempts to execute a synchronized method or synchronized statement and is
unable to acquire
an object's lock, it enters the waiting state until the lock becomes available.
17. What restrictions are placed on method overriding?
Overridden methods must have the same name, argument list, and return type. The
overriding method may
not limit the access of the method it overrides. The overriding method may not throw any
exceptions that
may not be thrown by the overridden method.
18. What restrictions are placed on method overloading?
Two methods may not have the same name and argument list but different return types.
19. How does multithreading take place on a computer with a single CPU?
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The operating system's task scheduler allocates execution time to multiple tasks. By quickly
switching
between executing tasks, it creates the impression that tasks execute sequentially.
20. How is it possible for two String objects with identical values not to be equal under
the == operator?
The == operator compares two objects to determine if they are the same object in memory.
It is possible for
two String objects to have the same value, but located indifferent areas of memory.
21. How are this() and super() used with constructors?
this() is used to invoke a constructor of the same class. super() is used to invoke a
superclass constructor.
22. What class allows you to read objects directly from a stream?
The ObjectInputStream class supports the reading of objects from input streams.
23. What is the ResourceBundle class?
The ResourceBundle class is used to store locale-specific resources that can be loaded by a
program to
tailor the program's appearance to the particular locale in which it is being run.
24. What interface must an object implement before it can be written to a stream as
an object?
An object must implement the Serializable or Externalizable interface before it can be
written to a stream as
an object.
25. What is Serialization and deserialization?
Serialization is the process of writing the state of an object to a byte stream. Deserialization
is the process
of restoring these objects.
26. What are the Object and Class classes used for?
The Object class is the highest-level class in the Java class hierarchy. The Class class is
used to represent
the classes and interfaces that are loaded by a Java program.
27. Can you write Java code for declaration of multiple inheritance in Java ?
Class C extends A implements B
{
}
28. What do you mean by multiple inheritance in C++ ?
Java Interview Questions
Multiple inheritance is a feature in C++ by which one class can be of different types. Say
class
teachingAssistant is inherited from two classes say teacher and Student.
29. Write the Java code to declare any constant (say gravitational constant) and to get
its value.
Class ABC
{
static final float GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT = 9.8;
public void getConstant()
{
system.out.println("Gravitational_Constant: " + GRAVITATIONAL_CONSTANT);
}
}
30. What are the disadvantages of using threads?
DeadLock.
31. Given two tables Student(SID, Name, Course) and Level(SID, level) write the SQL
statement to get the
name and SID of the student who are taking course = 3
and at freshman level.
SELECT Student.name, Student.SID
FROM Student, Level
WHERE Student.SID = Level.SID
AND Level.Level = "freshman"
AND Student.Course = 3;
32. What do you mean by virtual methods?
virtual methods are used to use the polymorhism feature in C++. Say class A is inherited
from class B. If we
declare say fuction f() as virtual in class B and override the same function in class A then at
runtime
appropriate method of the class will be called depending upon the type of the object.
33. What do you mean by static methods?
By using the static method there is no need creating an object of that class to use that
method. We can
directly call that method on that class. For example, say class A has static function f(), then
we can call f()
function as A.f(). There is no need of creating an object of class A.
34. What do mean by polymorphism, inheritance, encapsulation?
Polymorhism: is a feature of OOPl that at run time depending upon the type of object the
appropriate
method is called.
Inheritance: is a feature of OOPL that represents the "is a" relationship between different
objects(classes).
Say in real life a manager is a employee. So in OOPL manger class is inherited from the
employee class.
Encapsulation: is a feature of OOPL that is used to hide the information.
35. What are the advantages of OOPL?
Object oriented programming languages directly represent the real life objects. The features
of OOPL as
inhreitance, polymorphism, encapsulation makes it powerful.
36. How many methods do u implement if implement the Serializable Interface?
The Serializable interface is just a "marker" interface, with no methods of its own to
implement.
37. Are there any other 'marker' interfaces?
java.rmi.Remote
java.util.EventListener
38. What is the difference between instanceof and isInstance?
instanceof is used to check to see if an object can be cast into a specified type without
throwing a cast class
exception. isInstance() determines if the specified object is assignment-compatible with the
object
represented by this Class. This method is the dynamic equivalent of the Java language
instanceof operator.
The method returns true if the specified Object argument is nonnull and can be cast to the
reference type
represented by this Class object without raising a ClassCastException. It returns false
otherwise.
39. why do you create interfaces, and when MUST you use one?
You would create interfaces when you have two or more functionalities talking to each
other. Doing it this
way help you in creating a protocol between the parties involved.
40. What's the difference between the == operator and the equals() method? What test
does Object.equals()
use, and why?
The == operator would be used, in an object sense, to see if the two objects were actually
the same object.
This operator looks at the actually memory address to see if it actually the same object. The
equals()
method is used to compare the values of the object respectively. This is used in a higher
level to see if the
object values are equal.
Of course the the equals() method would be overloaded in a meaningful way for whatever
object that you
were working with.
}
42. Given a text file, input.txt, provide the statement required to open this file with the
appropriate I/O
stream to be able to read and process this file.
43. Name four methods every Java class will have.
public String toString();
public Object clone();
public boolean equals();
public int hashCode();
44. What does the "abstract" keyword mean in front of a method? A class?
Abstract keyword declares either a method or a class. If a method has a abstract keyword in
front of it, it is
called abstract method.Abstract method has no body. It has only arguments and return type.
Abstract
methods act as placeholder methods that are implemented in the subclasses. Abstract
classes can't be
instantiated.If a class is declared as abstract,no objects of that class can be created.If a class
contains any
abstract method it must be declared as abstract.
45. Does Java have destructors?
No garbage collector does the job working in the background
46. Are constructors inherited? Can a subclass call the parent's class constructor?
When?
You cannot inherit a constructor. That is, you cannot create a instance of a subclass using a
constructor of
one of it's superclasses. One of the main reasons is because you probably don't want to
overide the
superclasses constructor, which would be possible if they were inherited. By giving the
developer the ability
to override a superclasses constructor you would erode the encapsulation abilities of the
language.
49. Does Java have "goto"? No
50. What does the "final" keyword mean in front of a variable? A method? A class?
FINAL for a variable : value is constant
FINAL for a method : cannot be overridden
FINAL for a class : cannot be derived
.
Reference Books
1. Web Programming, building Internet applications, Chris Bates 2nd edition, WILEY
Dreamtech
2. The complete Reference Java 2 Fifth Edition by Patrick Naughton and Herbert
Schildt. TMH
3. Java Server Pages –Hans Bergsten, SPD O’Reilly
4. Internet and World Wide Web – How to program by Dietel and Nieto PHI/Pearson
Education Asia.
5. Jakarta Struts Cookbook, Bill Siggelkow, S P D O’Reilly.
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