cs2304 system software 2 marks and 16 marks with answer
UNIT I - INTRODUCTION
1. |
Define
system software.
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It
consists of variety of programs that supports the operation of the
computer. This software makes it possible for the user to focus
on the other problems to be solved without needing to know how the
machine works internally.
Eg:
operating system, assembler, and loader.
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2. |
Give
some applications of operating system.
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To
make the computer easier to use
To
manage the resources in computer
Process
management
Data
and memory management
To
provide security to the user.
Operating
system acts as an interface between the user and the system
Eg:windows,linux,unix,dos
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3.
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Define
compiler and interpreter.
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Compiler
is a set of program which converts the whole high level language
program to machine language program.
Interpreter
is a set of programs which converts high level language program to
machine language program line by line.
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4. |
Define
loader.
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Loader
is a set of program that loads the machine language translated by
the translator into the main memory and makes it ready for
execution.
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5. |
What
is the need of MAR register?
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MAR
(memory address register) is used to store the address of the
memory from which the data is to be read or to which the data is
to be written.
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6. |
Draw
SS instruction format.
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opcode
L
B1
D1
B2
D2
0
78 15 16 19 20 31 32
35 36 47
It
is a 6 byte instruction used to move L+I bytes data from the
storage location1 to the storage location2.
Storage
location1 = D1+ [B1]
Storage
location2 = D2+ [B2] Eg: MOV 60,400(3),500(4)
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7. |
Give
any two differences between base relative addressing and program
counter relative addressing used in SIC/XE.
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Base
relative addressing
PC
relative addressing
Target
address is calculated using the The formula
Target
address is calculated using the
formula
Target
address = Displacement + [B]
B-base
register
Target
address = Displacement + [PC]
PC-program
counter
Displacement
lies between 0 to 4095
Displacement
lies between –2048 to 2047
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8. |
Define
indirect addressing
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In
the case of immediate addressing the operand field gives the
memory location.The word from the given address is fetched and it
gives the address of the operand.
Eg:ADD
R5, [600]
Here
the second operand is given in indirect addressing mode. First the
word in memory location 600 is fetched and which will give the
address of the operand.
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9. |
Define
immediate addressing.
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In
this addressing mode the operand value is given directly. There is
no need to refer memory. The immediate addressing is indicated by
the prefix „#".
Eg:
ADD #5
In
this instruction one operand is in accumulator and the second
operand is a immediate value the value 5 is directly added with
the accumulator content and the result is stored in accumulator.
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10. |
List
out any two CISC and RISC machine.
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CISC
–Power PC, Cray T3E
RISC
– VAX, Pentium Pro architecture
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11. |
Following
is a memory configuration:
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Address
Value Register R
1
5 5
5
7
6
5
What
is the result of the following statement?
ADD
6(immediate) to R (indirect)
Here
6 is the immediate data and the next value is indirect data. ie
the register contains the address of the operand. Here the
address of the operand is 5 and its corresponding value is 7.
6
+ [R] = 6+ [5] = 6+ 7 =13
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12. |
Following
is a memory configuration:
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Address
Value Register R
4
9 6
5
7
6
2
What
is the result of the following statement?
SUB
4(direct) to R (direct)
Here
one operand is in the address location 4(direct addressing) and
the next operand is
in
the register (register direct).
The
resultant value is 9 –6 =3.
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13. |
What
is the name of X and L register in SIC machine and also specify
its use.
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A-accumulator
Used
for arithmetic operation.ie in the case of arithmetic operations
one operand is in the accumulator, and other operand may be an
immediate value, register operand or memory content. The operation
given in the instruction is performed and the result is stored in
the accumulator register.
L-linkage
register
It
is used to store the return address in the case of jump to
subroutine (JSUB) instructions.
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14. |
What
are the instruction formats used in SIC/XE architecture? Give any
one format.
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Format
1 (1 byte), Format 2 (2 bytes), Format 3 (3 bytes) & Format
4(4 bytes) Are the different instructions used in SIC/XE
architecture?
Format
2:
8
4 4
OPCODE
R1
R1
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15. |
Consider
the instructions in SIC/ XE programming
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10
1000 LENGTH RESW 4
20
----- NEW WORD 3
What
is the value assign to the symbol NEW?
In
the line 10 the address is 1000 and the instruction is RESW 4. It
reserves 4 word (3 x 4 =12) areas for the symbol LENGTH. Hence 12
is added to the LOCCTR.
Thus
the value of the symbol NEW is 1000+12 =100C.
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16. |
What
is the difference between the instructions LDA # 3 and LDA THREE?
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In
the first instruction immediate addressing is used. Here the value
3 is directly loaded into the accumulator register.
In
the second instruction the memory reference is used. Here the
address (address assigned for the symbol THREE) is loaded into
the accumulator register.
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17. |
Differentiate
trailing numeric and leading separate numeric.
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The
numeric format is used to represent numeric values with one digit
per byte. In the numeric format if the sign appears in the last
byte it is known as the trailing numeric. If the sign appears in
a separate byte preceding the first digit then it is called as
leading separate numeric.
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18. |
What
are the addressing modes used in VAX architecture?
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Register
direct, register deferred, auto increment and decrement, program
counter relative, base relative, index register mode and indirect
addressing are the various addressing modes in VAX architecture.
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19. |
How
do you calculate the actual address in the case of register
indirect with immediate index mode?
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Here
the target address is calculated using the formula T.A =
(register) + displacement.
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20. |
Write
the sequence of instructions to perform the operation BETA =
ALPHA + 1 using SIC instructions.
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LDA
ALPHA
ADD
ONE
STA
BETA
....
....
ALPHA
RESW 1
BETA
RESW 1
ONE
RESW 1
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21. |
Write
the sequence of instructions to perform the operation BETA =
ALPHA+5 using SIC/XE instructions.
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LDA
ALPHA
ADD
#1
STA
BETA
....
....
ALPHA
RESW 1
BETA
RESW 1
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22. |
What
is the use of TD instruction in SIC architecture?
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The
test device (TD) instruction tests whether the addressed device is
ready to send or receive a byte of data. The condition code is
set to indicate the result of this test. Setting of < means
the device is ready to send or receive, and = means the device is
not ready.
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PART
- B
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1. |
Explain
about the SIC architecture
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Memory
Registers
Data
Format
Instruction
format
Addressing
modes
Instruction
sets
I/O
devices
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2. |
Write
in detail about SIC / XE Architecture.
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Memory
Registers
Data
Format
Instruction
format
Addressing
modes
Instruction
sets
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3. |
Mention
the differences between SIC and SIC/XE.
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SIC
SIC/XE
Here
only five registers are used. A,X,L,SW and PC
Here
there are nine registers.
A,
X, L, SW, PC, B, S, T and F
Floating
point hardware is used
There
is no floating point hardware
Four
different type of instruction
Only
one instruction format is used formats
Two
different addressing modes are used
Here
there are many addressing modes
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4. |
Discuss
about Instruction sets in SIC and SIC / XE.
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UNIT
II-ASSEMBLERS
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1. |
Define
the basic functions of assembler.
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?
Translating mnemonic operation codes to their machine language
equivalents.
?
Assigning machine addresses to symbolic labels used by the
programmer.
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2. |
What
is meant by assembler directives? Give example.
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These
are the statements that are not translated into machine
instructions, but they
provide
instructions to assembler itself.
Example:
START, END, BYTE, WORD, RESW and RESB.
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3.
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What
is a forward reference?
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It
is a reference to a label that is defined later in a program.
Consider
the statement
10
1000 STL RETADR
.
. . .
.
. . .
80
1036 RETADR RESW 1
The
first instruction contains a forward reference RETADR. If we
attempt to
translate
the program line by line, we will unable to process the statement
in line10 because
we
do not know the address that will be assigned to RETADR .The
address is assigned
later(in
line 80) in the program.
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4. |
What
are the three different records used in object program?
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The
header record, text record and the end record are the three
different records used
in
object program.
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What
is the need of SYMTAB (symbol table) in assembler?
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The
symbol table includes the name and value for each symbol in the
source
program,
together with flags to indicate error conditions. Sometimes it may
contain details
about
the data area.
SYMTAB
is usually organized as a hash table for efficiency of insertion
and
retrieval.
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6. |
What
is the need of OPTAB (operation code table) in assembler?
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The
operation code table contains the mnemonic operation code and its
machine
language
equivalent. Some assemblers it may also contain information about
instruction
format
and length. OPTAB is usually organized as a hash table, with
mnemonic operation
code
as the key.
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7. |
What
are the symbols defining statements generally used in assemblers?
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*
‘EQU’-it allows the programmer to define symbols and specify
their values directly.
The
general format is
Symbol
EQU value
*
‘ORG’-it is used to indirectly assign values to symbols. When
this statement is
encountered
the assembler resets its location counter to the specified value.
The
general format is
ORG
value
In
the above two statements value is a constant or an expression
involving constants
and
previously defined symbols.
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8. |
Define
relocatable program.
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An
object program that contains the information necessary to perform
required
modification
in the object code depends on the starting location of the program
during load
time
is known as relocatable program.
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9. |
Differentiate
absolute expression and relative expression.
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If
the result of the expression is an absolute value (constant) then
it is known as
absolute
expression.,
Eg
: BUFEND – BUFFER
If
the result of the expression is relative to the beginning of the
program then it is
known
as relative expression. Label on instructions and data areas and
references to the
location
counter values are relative terms.
Eg:
BUFEND + BUFFER
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10. |
Write
the steps required to translate the source program to object
program.
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What
is the use of the variable LOCCTR (location counter) in assembler?
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This
variable is used to assign addresses to the symbols. LOCCTR is
initialized to
the
beginning address specified in the START statement. After each
source statement is
processed
the length of the assembled instruction or data area to be
generated is added to
LOCCTR
and hence whenever we reach a label in the source program the
current value of
LOCCTR
gives the address associated with the label.
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12. |
Define
load and go assembler.
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One
pass assembler that generates their object code in memory for
immediate
execution
is known as load and go assembler. Here no object programmer is
written out and
hence
no need for loader.
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13. |
What
are the two different types of jump statements used in MASM
assembler?
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Near
jump
A
near jump is a jump to a target in the same segment and it is
assembled by
using
a current code segment CS.
Far
jump
A
far jump is a jump to a target in a different code segment and it
is assembled
by
using different segment registers.
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14. |
What
are the uses of base register table in AIX assembler?
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A
base register table is used to remember which of the general
purpose registers are
currently
available as base registers and also the base addresses they
contain. USING
statement
causes entry to the table and. DROP statement removes the
corresponding table
entry.
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15. |
Differentiate
the assembler directives RESW and RESB.
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RESW
–It reserves the indicated number of words for data area.
Eg:
10 1003 THREE RESW 1
In
this instruction one word area (3 bytes) is reserved for the
symbol THREE. If the
memory
is byte addressable then the address assigned for the next symbol
is 1006.
RESB
–It reserves the indicated number of bytes for data area.
Eg:
10 1008 INPUT RESB 1
In
this instruction one byte area is reserved for the symbol INPUT
.Hence the address
assigned
for the next symbol is 1009.
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16. |
Define
modification record and give its format
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This
record contains the information about the modification in the
object code
during
program relocation. The general format is
Col
1 M
Col
2-7 starting location of the address field to be modified
relative to the
beginning
of the program
Col
8-9 length of the address field to be modified in half
bytes.
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17. |
Write
down the pass numbers(PASS 1/ PASS 2) of the following activities
that
occur
in a two pass assembler:
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a.
Object code generation b. Literals added to literal table
c.
Listing printed d. Address location of local
symbols
Answer:
a.
Object code generation - PASS 2
b.
Literals added to literal table – PASS 1
c.
Listing printed – PASS2
d.
Address location of local symbols – PASS1
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18. |
What
is meant by machine independent assembler features?
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The
assembler feature that does not depend upon the machine
architecture is known
as
machine independent assembler features.
Eg:
program blocks, Literals.
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19. |
How
the register to register instructions are translated in assembler?
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In
the case of register to register instructions the operand field
contains the register
name.
During the translation first the object code is converted into its
corresponding
machine
language equivalent with the help of OPTAB. Then the SYMTAB is
searched for
the
numeric equivalent of register and that value is inserted into the
operand field.
Eg:
125 1036 RDREC CLEAR X
B410
B4-macine
equivalent of the opcode CLEAR
10-numeric
equivalent of the register X.
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20. |
What
is meant by external references?
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Assembler
program can be divided into many sections known as control
sections and
each
control section can be loaded and relocated independently of the
others. If the
instruction
in one control section need to refer instruction or data in
another control section
.the
assembler is unable to process these references in normal way.
Such references between
controls
are called external references.
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21. |
Define
control section.
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A
control section is a part of the program that maintains its
identity after assembly;
each
control section can be loaded and relocated independently of the
others.
Control
sections are most often used for subroutines. The major benefit of
using
control
sections is to increase flexibility.
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22. |
What
is the difference between the assembler directive EXTREF and
EXTDEF.
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EXTDEF
names external symbols that are defined in a particular control
section and may be
used
by other sections. EXTREF names external symbols that are referred
in a particular
control
section and defined in another control section.
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23. |
Give
the general format of define record.
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This
record gives information about external symbols that are defined
in a
particular
control section. The format is
Col
1 D
Col
2-7 name of external symbol defined in this control
section
Col
8-13 relative address of the symbol with in this control
section
Col
14-73 name and relative address for other external symbols.
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24. |
Give
the use of assembler directive CSECT and USE
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CSECT
- used to divide the program into many control sections
USE
– used to divide the program in to many blocks called program
blocks
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25. |
What
is the use of the assembler directive START?
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The
assembler directive START gives the name and starting address of
the program.
The
format is
PN
START 1000
Here
PN –name of the program
1000-starting
address of the program.
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PART
- B
|
1. |
Explain
in detail about basic assembler functions.
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A
simple SIC assembler
Assembler
Algorithm
Data
structures
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2. |
Explain
about the machine-Dependent Assembler features.
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Instruction
formats
Addressing
modes
Program
Relocation
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3. |
Discuss
in detail about the machine-Independent Assembler features.
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Literals
Symbol-Defining
Statements
Expressions
Program
blocks
Control
sections and Program Linking
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4. |
Explain
in detail about the assembler Design options.
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One-pass
Assembler
Multi-pass
Assembler
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5. |
Discuss
in detail about MASM Assembler
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Classes
Data
Segments
Near
jump
Far
jump problem
Segments
MASM
directives
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UNIT
III (LOADERS AND LINKERS)
|
1. |
What
are the basic functions of loaders
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|
Loading
– brings the object program into memory for execution
Relocation
– modifies the object program so that it can be loaded at an
address
different
from the location originally specified
Linking
– combines two or more separate object programs and also
supplies the
information
needed to reference them.
|
2. |
Define
absolute loader
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|
The
loader, which is used only for loading, is known as absolute
loader.
e.g.
Bootstrap loader
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3.
|
What
is meant by bootstrap loader?
|
|
This
is a special type of absolute loader which loads the first program
to be run by
the
computer. (Usually an operating system)
|
4. |
What
are relative (relocative) loaders?
|
|
Loaders
that allow for program relocation are called relocating
(relocative) loaders.
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5. |
What
is the use of modification record?
|
|
Modification
record is used for program relocation. Each modification record
specifies
the starting address and the length of the field whose value is to
be altered and
also
describes the modification to be performed.
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6. |
What
are the 2 different techniques used for relocation?
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|
Modification
record method and relocation bit method.
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7. |
Relocation
bit method
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|
If
the relocation bit corresponding to a word of object code is set
to 1, the program"s
starting
address is to be added to this word when the program is relocated.
Bit value 0
indicates
no modification is required.
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8. |
Define
bit mask
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|
The
relocation bits are gathered together following the length
indicator in each text
record
and which is called as bit mask. For e.g. the bit mask FFC
(111111111100)
specifies
that the first 10 words of object code are to be modified during
relocation.
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9. |
What
is the need of ESTAB?
|
|
It
is used to store the name and address of the each external symbol.
It also indicates
in
which control section the symbol is defined.
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10. |
What
is the use of the variable PROGADDR?
|
|
It
gives the beginning address in memory where the linked program is
to be loaded.
The
starting address is obtained from the operating system.
|
11. |
Write
the two passes of a linking loader.
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|
Pass1:
assigns address to all external symbols
Pass2:
it performs actual loading, relocation and linking.
|
12. |
Define
automatic library search.
|
|
In
many linking loaders the subroutines called by the program being
loaded are
automatically
fetched from the library, linked with the main program and loaded.
This
feature
is referred to as automatic library search.
|
13. |
List
the loader options INCLUDE &DELETE.
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|
The
general format of INCLUDE is
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|
Give
the functions of the linking loader.
|
|
The
linking loader performs the process of linking and relocation. It
includes the
operation
of automatic library search and the linked programs are directly
loaded into the
memory.
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15. |
Give
the difference between linking loader and linkage editors.
|
|
Linking
loader
Linkage
editor
The
relocation and linking is performed each time the program is
loaded
It
produces a linked version of a program
and
which is written in a file for later execution two passes are
required
Here
the loading can be accomplished in
a
single
|
16. |
Define
dynamic linking.
|
|
If
the subroutine is loaded and linked to the program during its
first call (run
time),
then it is called as dynamic loading or dynamic linking.
|
17. |
Write
the advantage of dynamic linking.
|
|
a)
It has the ability to load the routine only when they are needed
b)
The dynamic linking avoids the loading of entire library for each
execution
|
18. |
What
is meant by static executable and dynamic executable?
|
|
In
static executable, all external symbols are bound and ready to
run. In dynamic
executables
some symbols are bound at run time.
|
19. |
What
is shared and private data?
|
|
The
data divided among processing element is called shared data. If
the data is
not
shared among processing elements then it is called private data.
|
20. |
Write
the absolute loader algorithm.
|
|
Begin
Read
Header record
Verify
program name and length
Read
first text record
While
record type != „E" do
Begin
Moved
object code to specified location in memory
Read
next object program record
End
Jump
to address specified in End record
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|
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PART
- B
|
1. |
Explain
in detail about basic loader functions.
|
|
Design
of an Absolute Loader
A
simple Bootstrap loader
|
2. |
Explain
about Machine-Dependent Loader Features.
|
|
Relocation
Program
Linking
Algorithm
Data
structures
|
3. |
Discuss
in detail about Machine-independent Load er features
|
|
Automatic
Library Search
Loader
Options
|
4. |
Explain
about the Loader Design Options.
|
|
Linkage
Editor
Dynamic
linking
Bootstrap
loaders
|
5. |
Explain
in detail about MS-DOS Linker
|
|
MS-DOS
Assemblers and Compilers
MS-DOS
LINK
MS-DOS
Object modules
|
|
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UNIT
IV (MACRO PROCESSORS)
|
1. |
Define
macro processor.
|
|
Macro
processor is system software that replaces each macro instruction
with the
corresponding
group of source language statements. This is also called as
expanding of
macros.
|
2. |
What
do macro expansion statements mean?
|
|
These
statements give the name of the macro instruction being invoked
and the
arguments
to be used in expanding the macros. These statements are also
known as
macro
call.
|
3. |
What
are the directives used in macro definition?
|
|
MACRO
- it identifies the beginning of the macro definition
MEND
- it marks the end of the macro definition
|
4. |
What
are the data structures used in macro processor?
|
|
DEFTAB
– the macro definitions are stored in a definition table ie it
contains a macro
prototype
and the statements that make up the macro body.
NAMTAB
– it is used to store the macro names and it contains two
pointers for each
macro
instruction which indicate the starting and end location of macro
definition in
DEFTAB.
It also serves as an index to DEFTAB
ARGTAB
– it is used to store the arguments during the expansion of
macro
invocations.
|
5. |
Define
conditional macro expansion.
|
|
If
the macro is expanded depends upon some conditions in macro
definition
(depending
on the arguments supplied in the macro expansion) then it is
called as
conditional
macro expansion.
|
6. |
What
is the use of macro time variable?
|
|
Macro
time variable can be used to store working values during the macro
expansion.
Any symbol that begins with the character & and then is not a
macro
instruction
parameter is assumed to be a macro time variable.
|
7. |
What
are the statements used for conditional macro expansion?
|
|
IF-ELSE-ENDIF
statement
WHILE-ENDW
statement
|
8. |
What
is meant by positional parameters?
|
|
If
the parameters and arguments were associated with each other
according to
their
positions in the macro prototype and the macro invocation
statement, then these
parameters
in macro definitions are called as positional parameters.
|
9. |
Consider
the macro definition
|
|
#Define
DISPLAY(EXPR) Printf (“EXPR = %d\n”,EXPR)
Expand
the macro instruction DISPLAY (ANS)
Ans.:
Printf (“EXPR = %d\n”, ANS)
|
10. |
What
are known as nested macro call?
|
|
The
statement, in which a macro calls on another macro, is called
nested macro
call.
In the nested macro call, the call is done by outer macro and the
macro called is the
inner
macro.
|
11. |
How
the macro is processed using two passes?
|
|
Pass1:
processing of definitions
Pass
2: actual-macro expansion.
|
12. |
Give
the advantage of line by line processors.
|
|
It
avoids the extra pass over the source program during assembling
It
may use some of the utility that can be used by language
translators so that can be
loaded
once.
|
13. |
What
is meant by line by line processor
|
|
This
macro processor reads the source program statements, process the
statements
and then the output lines are passed to the language translators
as they are
generated,
instead of being written in an expanded file.
|
14. |
Give
the advantages of general-purpose macro processors.
|
|
The
programmer does not need to learn about a macro facility for each
compiler.
Overall
saving in software development cost and a maintenance cost
|
15. |
What
is meant by general-purpose macro processors?
|
|
he
macro processors that are not dependent on any particular
programming
language,
but can be used with a variety of different languages are known as
general
purpose
macro processors.
Eg.
The ELENA macro processor.
|
16. |
What
are the important factors considered while designing a general
purpose
macro
processors?
|
|
|
|
What
is the symbol used to generate unique labels?
|
|
$
Symbol is used in macro definition to generate unique symbols.
Each macro expansion the $ symbol is replaced by $XX, where XX is
the alpha numeric character.
|
18. |
How
the nested macro calls are executed?
|
|
The
execution of nested macro call follows the LIFO rule. In case of
nested macro calls the expansion of the latest macro call is
completed first.
|
19. |
Mention
the tasks involved in macro expansion.
|
|
|
|
How
to design the pass structure of a macro assembler?
|
|
To
design the structure of macro-assembler, the functions of macro
preprocessor and the conventional assembler are merged. After
merging, the functions are structured into passes of the macro
assembler.
|
|
|
|
PART
- B
|
1. |
Explain
in detail about the basic Macro Processor functions.
|
|
Macro
Definition
Macro
expansion
Algorithm
Data
Structures
|
2. |
Discuss
in detail about the Machine-independent macro processor features.
|
|
Concatenation
of Macro parameters
Generation
of unique labels
Conditional
macro Expansion
Keyword
macro parameters
|
3. |
Explain
about Macro Processor Design options
|
|
Recursive
Macro Expansion
General
purpose Macro Procesors
Macro
processing within Language Translators
|
4. |
Explain
in detail about MASM Macro Processor
|
|
Conditional
assembly statements
MASM
macro
Conditional
statements
|
5. |
Explain
in detail about ANSI C macro Language
|
|
Macro
definitions with parenthesis
Macro
expansion with parenthesis
Conditional
compilation statements
Debugging
statements
|
|
|
|
UNIT
V (TEXT EDITORS) SYSTEM SOFTWARE TOOLS
|
1. |
Define
interactive editor?
|
|
An
interactive editor is a computer program that allows a user to
create and revise a target document. The term document includes
objects such as computer programs, text, equations, tables,
diagrams, line art, and photographs anything that one might find
on a printed page.
|
2. |
What
are the tasks performed in the editing process?
|
|
Four
tasks
1.
Select the part of the target document to be viewed and
manipulated.
2.
Determine how to format this view on-line and how to display it.
3.
Specify and execute operations that modify the target document.
4.
Update the view appropriately.
|
3. |
What
are the three categories of editor’s devices?
|
|
1.
Text device/ String devices
2.
Button device/Choice devices
3.
Locator device
|
4. |
What
is the function performed in editing phase?
|
|
In
the actual editing phase, the target document is created or
altered with a set of operations such as insert, delete, replace,
move and copy.
|
5. |
Define
Locator device?
|
|
Locator
devices are two-dimensional analog-to-digital converters that
position a cursor symbol on the screen by observing the user"s
movement of the device. The most common such devices for editing
applications are the mouse and the data tablet.
|
6. |
What
is the function performed in voice input device?
|
|
Voice-input
devices, which translate spoken words to their textual
equivalents, may prove to be the text input devices of the future.
Voice recognizers are currently available for command input on
some systems.
|
7. |
What
are called tokens?
|
|
The
lexical analyzer tracks the source program one character at a time
by making the source program into sequence of atomic units is
called tokens.
|
8. |
Name
some of typical tokens.
|
|
Identifiers,
keywords, constants, operators and punctuation symbols such as
commas and parentheses are typical tokens.
|
9. |
What
is meant by lexeme?
|
|
The
character that forms a token is said to be a lexeme.
|
10. |
Mention
the main disadvantage of interpreter.
|
|
The
main disadvantage of interpreter is that the execution time of
interpreted program is slower than that of a corresponding
compiled object program.
|
11. |
What
is meant by code optimization?
|
|
The
code optimization is designed to improve the intermediate code,
which helps the object program to run faster and takes less space.
|
12. |
What
is error handler?
|
|
The
error handler is used to check if there is an error in the
program. If any error, it should warn the programmer by
instructions to proceed from phase to phase.
|
13. |
Name
some of text editors.
|
|
|
|
What
for debug monitors are used?
|
|
Debug
monitors are used in obtaining information for localization of
errors.
|
15. |
Mention
the features of word processors.
|
|
Moving
text from one place to another
Merging
of text
Searching
Word
replacement
|
16. |
What
are the phases in performing editing process?
|
|
a.
Traveling phase
b.
Filtering phase
c.
Formatting phase
d.
Editing phase
|
17. |
Define
traveling phase.
|
|
The
phase specifies the region of interest. Traveling is achieved
using operations such as next screenful, bottom, find pattern.
Filtering
phase: -The selection of what is to be viewed and manipulated in
given by filtering.
Editing
phase: - In this phase, the target document is altered with the
set of operations such as insert, delete, replace, move and copy.
|
18. |
Define
user interface?
|
|
User
interface is one, which allows the user to communicate with the
system in order to perform certain tasks. User interface is
generally designed in a computer to make it easier to use.
|
19. |
Define
input device?
|
|
Input
device is an electromechanical device, which accepts data from the
outside world and translates them into a form, which the computer
can interpret.
|
20. |
Define
output devices
|
|
An
output device is the user to view the elements being edited and
the results of the editing operations.
|
21. |
What
are the methods in Interaction language of a text editor?
|
|
A.
Typing –oriented or text command oriented method
B.
Function key interfaces
C.
menu oriented method
|
22. |
Define
interactive debugging systems
|
|
An
interactive debugging system provides programmers with facilities
that aid in the testing and debugging of programs.
1.
Debugging functions and capabilities
2.
Relationship with other parts of the system
3.
User interface criteria.
|
23. |
Define
editor structure.
|
|
The
command language processor accepts input from the users input
devices and analyzes the tokens and syntactic structure of the
commands.
|
24. |
Give
the components of editor structure
|
|
4
components
a.
Editing component
b.
Traveling component
c.
Viewing component
d.
Display component
|
25. |
What
are the basic types of computing environments used in editors
functions?
|
|
Editor"s
function in three basic types of computing environments
i.
Time sharing
ii.
Stand-alone
iii.
Distributed
|
|
|
|
PART
- B
|
1. |
1.
Explain in detail about the following
|
|
i)
Editing process
ii)
User Interface
Editing
process: Tasks
Select
the part of the target document
Determine
how to format
Specify
and execute operations
Update
UI-Conceptual
model
Operations
on numbered sequence
Manipulate
portions of the plane
Concerned
i/p devices
|
2. |
Explain
about the editor structure.
|
|
Diagram
Explanation
|
3. |
Discuss
in detail about debugging functions and capabilities.
|
|
Different
levels
Procedure
Branch
Individual
Instructions & Examples
|
4. |
Explain
in detail about the following
|
|
i)
Relationships with other parts of the system
ii)User
Interface criteria
i.
Requirement-Always be available
Debugging
Application
development time
Production
environment
Coordinate
with existing and future language compilers and interpreters
ii.
simple organization
full screen
displays and wind owing systems
command
language should be clear
On-line
help facility
|
5. |
Explain
about various software tools.
|
|
Text
editors
Debugging
systems
|
ASS MATERIALS
SS MATERIALS
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